Perin Lisiane, Camboim Isadora G, Lehnen Alexandre M
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022 Dec;35(6):1124-1135. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13029. Epub 2022 Jun 1.
To compare the effects of low and high glycaemic index/glycaemic load (GI/GL) diets on body weight in adults with excess weight.
We searched for randomised controlled trials comparing low GI/GL vs. high GI/GL diets from Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. The variables of interest were anthropometric measurements, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels and lipid profile, and 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis.
The sample size ranged from 19 to 203 participants. Low GI/GL is not superior to high GI/GL diets on body weight reduction in adults with excess weight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg m ). However, low GI/GL diets show greater body weight reductions in adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg m (-0.93 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.73 to -0.12; p = 0.045). Compared with high GI/GL diets, low GI/GL diets may also help reduce fasting glucose (-1.97 mg dl ; 95% CI = -3.76 to 0.19; p = 0.030) and fasting insulin (-0.55 µU ml ; 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.15; p = 0.007). No differences in fat mass, fat-free mass, waist circumference and lipid profile were observed between low GI/GL and high GI/GL diets. The risk of bias for body weight was classified as 'low risk' (25% of the studies) and 'some concerns' for all domains of RoB 2 tool in most studies.
When compared with high GI/GL diets, low GI/GL diets appear to more effectively reduce fasting glucose and insulin and promote greater body weight reduction in adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg m ).
比较低血糖指数/血糖负荷（GI/GL）饮食与高血糖指数/血糖负荷饮食对超重成年人体重的影响。
我们在Medline（通过PubMed）、Embase、Scopus和Web of Science中检索了比较低GI/GL饮食与高GI/GL饮食的随机对照试验。感兴趣的变量包括人体测量指标、空腹血糖和空腹胰岛素水平以及血脂谱，荟萃分析纳入了10项研究。
样本量从19名到203名参与者不等。在超重成年人（体重指数[BMI]≥25kg/m²）中，低GI/GL饮食在减轻体重方面并不优于高GI/GL饮食。然而，在BMI≥30kg/m²的成年人中，低GI/GL饮食能更有效地减轻体重（-0.93kg；95%置信区间[CI]=-1.73至-0.12；p=0.045）。与高GI/GL饮食相比，低GI/GL饮食还可能有助于降低空腹血糖（-1.97mg/dl；95%CI=-3.76至0.19；p=0.030）和空腹胰岛素（-0.55µU/ml；95%CI=-0.95至-0.15；p=0.007）。在低GI/GL饮食和高GI/GL饮食之间，未观察到脂肪量、去脂体重、腰围和血脂谱的差异。在大多数研究中，体重偏倚风险被分类为“低风险”（25%的研究），且在RoB 2工具的所有领域均“有些担忧”。
与高GI/GL饮食相比，低GI/GL饮食似乎能更有效地降低空腹血糖和胰岛素水平，并在肥胖成年人（BMI≥30kg/m²）中促进更大程度的体重减轻。
