Comparison of the Frequency of Biofilm-Forming Genes () in Methicillin-Resistant Strains Isolated from Human and Livestock.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) can cause infections in both human and animal groups, which is a serious threat to public health worldwide. Attachment and colonization are the first steps for pathogenesis, and biofilm-mediated infections have a significant negative impact on human and animal health. The MRSA can adapt to different environments and give rise to different strains of human and animal MRSA, causing transmissions of the disease between humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate biofilm production in vitro, and the presence of genes in MRSA isolates in both human as well as the disease transmission between human and animal strains. In total, 39 human and 35 livestock isolates were evaluated by the Congo Red Agar method. The presence of and genes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and finally, the PCR products were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the gene frequency in human and animal isolates was 64.1% and 36.1%, respectively, and there was a significant relationship between and in human isolates. In addition, significant relationships were found between and Rifampicin and also between and Chloramphenicol and Penicillin in human isolates. In animal isolates, there was a significant relationship between mecA and Trimethoprim as well as between and Rifampicin. It was concluded that all operon genes were involved in biofilm production, but and genes in MRSA were more closely associated with . Both animal and human strains can be involved in disease transmission, but this conclusion should be made cautiously.