Muhammad Ihsan, Lv Ju Zhi, Wang Jun, Ahmad Shakeel, Farooq Saqib, Ali Shamsher, Zhou Xun Bo
Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 25;13:868862. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868862. eCollection 2022.
Sustainable reduction of fertilization with technology acquisition for improving soil quality and realizing green food production is a major strategic demand for global agricultural production. Introducing legume (LCCs) and/or non-legume cover crops (NLCCs) during the fallow period before planting main crops such as wheat and corn increases surface coverage, retains soil moisture content, and absorbs excess mineral nutrients, thus reducing pollution. In addition, the cover crops (CCs) supplement the soil nutrients upon decomposition and have a green manure effect. Compared to the traditional bare land, the introduction of CCs systems has multiple ecological benefits, such as improving soil structure, promoting nutrient cycling, improving soil fertility and microbial activity, controlling soil erosion, and inhibiting weed growth, pests, and diseases. The residual decomposition process of cultivated crops after being pressed into the soil will directly change the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), and thus affect the soil microbial activities. This key ecological process determines the realization of various ecological and environmental benefits of the cultivated system. Understanding the mechanism of these ecological environmental benefits provides a scientific basis for the restoration and promotion of cultivated crops in dry farming areas of the world. These findings provide an important contribution for understanding the mutual interrelationships and the research in this area, as well as increasing the use of CCs in the soil for better soil fertility, GHGs mitigation, and improving soil microbial community structure. This literature review studies the effects of crop biomass and quality on soil GHGs emissions, microbial biomass, and community structure of the crop cultivation system, aiming to clarify crop cultivation in theory.
通过技术获取实现施肥量的可持续减少以改善土壤质量并实现绿色食品生产是全球农业生产的一项重大战略需求。在种植小麦和玉米等主要作物之前的休耕期引入豆科覆盖作物（LCCs）和/或非豆科覆盖作物（NLCCs），可增加地表覆盖率、保持土壤水分含量并吸收多余的矿质养分，从而减少污染。此外，覆盖作物在分解后可补充土壤养分，具有绿肥效应。与传统裸地相比，引入覆盖作物系统具有多种生态效益，如改善土壤结构、促进养分循环、提高土壤肥力和微生物活性、控制土壤侵蚀以及抑制杂草生长、病虫害。种植作物压入土壤后的残留分解过程将直接改变土壤碳（C）和氮（N）循环以及温室气体排放（GHGs），进而影响土壤微生物活动。这一关键生态过程决定了种植系统各种生态环境效益的实现。了解这些生态环境效益的机制为世界干旱农作区种植作物的恢复和推广提供了科学依据。这些发现为理解该领域的相互关系和研究以及增加覆盖作物在土壤中的利用以提高土壤肥力、缓解温室气体排放和改善土壤微生物群落结构做出了重要贡献。这篇文献综述研究了作物生物量和质量对作物种植系统土壤温室气体排放、微生物生物量和群落结构的影响，旨在从理论上阐明作物种植。
