Acute Multiple Sclerosis Exacerbation After Vaccination With the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine: Novel Presentation and First Documented Case Report.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease caused by a chronic autoimmune process resulting in the demyelination of axons within the central nervous system. MS occurs through combined genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. MS relapses (MSR) are characterized by acute inflammatory reactions and symptoms. Here we present a novel case of MSR following the second dose of the Johnson & Johnson coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States), presenting with paresthesias and left foot deficit. Additional research and studies are necessary to explore the relationship of COVID-19 vaccinations with MSR.