Haldar Sumanto, Ponnalagu Shalini, Osman Farhana, Tay Shia Lyn, Wong Long Hui, Jiang Yuan Rong, Leow Melvin Khee Shing, Henry Christiani Jeyakumar
Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.
WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 25;9:869351. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.869351. eCollection 2022.
While an increase in fat intake and the resulting excess calorie intake are implicated in weight gain, different fat types exert variable effects on body composition, with unsaturated fats showing favorable effects on body composition in Western population. Whether and to what extent these associations apply to Asian population have not been established. We investigated the effects of two separate Asian-based oil blends, rich in unsaturated fats, made from refined rice bran, sesame, and flaxseed oils, in comparison with refined olive oil, on body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), from an 8-week, parallel design, randomized trial in 66 men (58.7 ± 5.71 years old, 23.0 ± 2.38 kg/m) and 69 postmenopausal women (59.1 ± 5.34 years old, 21.7 ± 2.52 kg/m), with borderline hypercholesterolemia. Despite increases in mean daily intakes of total energy (approximately +400 kcal/day, female, and approximately +240 kcal/day, male), as well as increases in percentage of calories from fats and proteins and decreases in percentage of calories from carbohydrates during the dietary intervention period, there were no significant changes in total body fat mass in both genders and also in all treatment groups. While total body weight increased slightly (0.36 ± 0.12 kg, = 0.005) in women during intervention, this was mainly due to gain in lean mass (0.38 ± 0.081 kg, < 0.0001). Correspondingly, there were reductions in total body fat (%), android fat (%), and gynoid fat (%) in women. No significant differences between the 3 intervention oil types were found in any of the measured parameters in either gender. Increasing relative intakes of unsaturated fats may prevent fat mass gain and circumvent muscle mass loss associated with menopause in older Asian women. Long-term studies are needed to confirm findings. This study had been registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier No.: NCT03964857, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03964857).
虽然脂肪摄入量增加以及由此导致的热量摄入过多与体重增加有关，但不同类型的脂肪对身体成分的影响各不相同，不饱和脂肪对西方人群的身体成分显示出有利影响。这些关联是否适用于亚洲人群以及适用程度如何尚未确定。我们通过双能X线吸收法（DXA），在一项为期8周的平行设计随机试验中，研究了两种以亚洲为基础、富含不饱和脂肪的混合油（由精制米糠油、芝麻油和亚麻籽油制成）与精制橄榄油相比，对66名男性（58.7±5.71岁，23.0±2.38kg/m）和69名绝经后女性（59.1±5.34岁，21.7±2.52kg/m）且患有边缘性高胆固醇血症的身体成分的影响。尽管在饮食干预期间，男女平均每日总能量摄入量增加（女性约+400千卡/天，男性约+240千卡/天），来自脂肪和蛋白质的热量百分比增加，来自碳水化合物的热量百分比减少，但所有性别和所有治疗组的全身脂肪量均无显著变化。女性在干预期间总体重略有增加（0.36±0.12kg，P=0.005），这主要是由于瘦体重增加（0.38±0.081kg，P<0.0001）。相应地，女性的全身脂肪（%）、腹部脂肪（%）和臀部脂肪（%）减少。在任何测量参数中，未发现3种干预油类型在男女中存在显著差异。增加不饱和脂肪的相对摄入量可能会防止老年亚洲女性脂肪量增加，并避免与绝经相关的肌肉量流失。需要长期研究来证实这些发现。本研究已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册（标识符编号：NCT03964857，https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03964857）。
