Characterizing patients reporting unchanged or worsened mental health symptoms after completing a partial hospital program: A mixed-methods study.

Research is needed to better understand and characterize individuals who do not benefit from evidence-based psychiatric services or whose symptoms worsen following treatment. This study aimed to compare clinical severity at admission, treatment outcomes, treatment beliefs, and satisfaction with care among patients ( = 5,129) with perceived improved, unchanged, or worsened mental health at discharge from a partial hospital program. Chi-square tests, one-way analyses of variances (ANOVAs), analyses of covariances (ANCOVAs), and qualitative analyses were used to probe study aims. Patients perceiving overall unchanged or worsened mental health at discharge did not appear more clinically severe at admission compared to patients perceiving overall improved mental health at discharge; however, they did report more negative beliefs about treatment, poorer outcomes across specific clinical severity indices, and poorer patient satisfaction at discharge. Patients most frequently attributed their unchanged or worsened mental health to engaging with difficult emotions for the first time, being a poor fit for an otherwise helpful program, and/or needing more time to apply new skills. Findings suggest that patients who do not perceive benefit from evidence-based acute psychiatric care may not be more clinically severe at admission, yet they may enter care with more negative treatment perceptions and report poorer outcomes on specific psychiatric indices at discharge compared to those perceiving treatment benefit. Efforts are needed to improve treatment for patients who do not benefit from psychiatric services; yet, for some, unchanged or worsened mental health in the short term may represent a step along the trajectory to long-term recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).