Heart Failure & Cardiac Imaging, University of Notre Dame, Werribee Mercy Sub School, School of Medicine Sydney; Research Fellow Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia.
General Practice and Primary Care Research, School of Medicine, Sydney, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 160 Oxford St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, PO Box 944 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
Curr Cardiol Rev. 2023;19(2):e120522204690. doi: 10.2174/1573403X18666220512160737.
Heart failure (HF) is predominately a chronic disease. There are overlaps in HF and chronic disease research and care. Chronic disease and HF research are conducted with multiple goals. The overarching goal is "optimized patient outcomes at maximum costeffectiveness". However, observations on patients can come with many variables; thus, we see differences in clinical translation. This document discusses an argument for three important gaps common to HF and chronic disease, i.e., screening, self-management, and patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and provides a glance of how it could fit into the evidence tree. Pertinent arguments for a framework for health services and models of care are provided as a prelude to future consensus.
A brief discussion on traditional research and differences focusing on screening, mixed methods research concepts, and chronic diseases models of care. Six steps to facilitate this: 1) Research design; 2) Research application (translation) i. routine ii. challenges; 3. Transforming research to translational level; 4. Funding and infrastructure; 5. Clinical Centres of Research Excellence (CCRE) and collaboration; 6. Governance and cost-effectiveness.
Implementation research that aims to link research findings to improved patient outcomes in an efficient and effective way is a neglected area. Skills required to perform implementation research are complex. Ways to maximize translational impacts for chronic disease research to clinical practice are described in a HF context.
心力衰竭（HF）主要是一种慢性病。HF 和慢性病研究和护理有重叠之处。慢性病和 HF 研究有多个目标。首要目标是“以最大的成本效益优化患者的预后”。然而，对患者的观察可能存在许多变数；因此，我们看到临床转化存在差异。本文讨论了 HF 和慢性病共有的三个重要差距，即筛查、自我管理和患者报告的结局（PRO），并简要介绍了如何将其纳入证据树。为了达成未来的共识，本文还提供了有关卫生服务框架和护理模式的相关论点。
1）进行初步文献综述，以确定心血管研究的分类法，2）综述描述将研究成果转化为心血管疾病临床实践的已发表文献。确定了从观察性研究到大型随机对照试验再到上市后研究的一系列研究。
简要讨论了传统研究和关注的差异，重点是筛查、混合方法研究概念和慢性病护理模式。促进这一过程的六个步骤：1）研究设计；2）研究应用（翻译）i.常规 ii.挑战；3. 将研究转化为转化水平；4. 资金和基础设施；5. 临床研究卓越中心（CCRE）和合作；6. 治理和成本效益。
旨在以高效和有效的方式将研究结果与改善患者预后联系起来的实施研究是一个被忽视的领域。实施研究所需的技能很复杂。本文描述了在 HF 背景下最大化慢性病研究向临床实践转化的翻译影响的方法。
