Hannedouche T, Fournier J F
Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1987;138(2):123-9.
Congestive heart failure is characterized by peripheral circulatory abnormalities including arterial and venous vasoconstriction and redistribution of regional blood flow. These peripheral factors are consecutive to a neurohumoral activation of sympathetic, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and arginine-vasopressin systems. Clinical consequences of these neurohumoral changes are: excessive increase of aortic impedance and myocardial work, salt and water retention a processus which is angiotensin II-dependent, and eventually, hyponatremia. A growing body of evidences suggests that pharmacological blockade of this neurohumoral activation improves clinical and hemodynamic status in patients with congestive heart failure.
充血性心力衰竭的特征是外周循环异常，包括动脉和静脉血管收缩以及区域血流重新分布。这些外周因素继发于交感神经、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮和精氨酸加压素系统的神经体液激活。这些神经体液变化的临床后果是：主动脉阻抗和心肌做功过度增加、盐和水潴留（这一过程依赖于血管紧张素II），最终导致低钠血症。越来越多的证据表明，对这种神经体液激活进行药物阻断可改善充血性心力衰竭患者的临床和血流动力学状态。
