Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Syst Parasitol. 2022 Aug;99(4):491-523. doi: 10.1007/s11230-022-10041-9. Epub 2022 May 12.
In 2014-2015 and 2019-2021, teleost fishes off Galindez Island (Antarctic Peninsula) were examined for trematodes. Combined morphological and molecular analyses revealed the presence of eight trematode species of four families (Hemiuridae, Lecithasteridae, Opecoelidae, Lepidapedidae) from five fish species. Only adult trematodes were found and all of them are Antarctic endemics with their congeners occurring on other continents. The hemiuroids, Elytrophalloides oatesi (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914), Genolinea bowersi (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914), and Lecithaster macrocotyle Szidat & Graefe, 1967 belong to the most common Antarctic species and together with Lepidapedon garrardi (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914) and Neolebouria georgiensis Gibson, 1976 they were recorded as the least host-specific parasites. The originally sub-Antarctic Neolepidapedon macquariensis Zdzitowiecki, 1993 is a new record for the Antarctic Peninsula and Parachaenichthys charcoti (Vaillant), is a new host record. Neolebouria terranovaensis Zdzitowiecki, Pisano & Vacchi, 1993 is considered a synonym of N. georgiensis because of identical morphology and dimensions. The currently known phylogenetic relationships within the studied families are supported, including the polyphyly of Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982 with the future need to accommodate its Antarctic species in a new genus. The validity of M. georgiana (Kovaleva & Gaevskaja, 1974) and M. magellanica Laskowski, Jezewski & Zdzitowiecki, 2013 needs to be confirmed by further analyses. Genetic sequence data are still scarce from Antarctica, and more studies applying integrative taxonomic approaches and large-scale parasitological examinations of benthic invertebrates are needed to match sequences of larval stages to those of well-characterised adults and to elucidate trematode life-cycles.
2014-2015 年和 2019-2021 年，对加林德斯岛（南极半岛）的硬骨鱼类进行了吸虫检查。结合形态学和分子分析，从 5 种鱼类中发现了 4 科（棘口科、油盘科、口盖科、鳞盘科）的 8 种吸虫。仅发现了成虫吸虫，所有吸虫都是南极特有种，其同属种分布在其他大陆。棘口类吸虫，Elytrophalloides oatesi (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914)、Genolinea bowersi (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914) 和 Lecithaster macrocotyle Szidat & Graefe, 1967 属于最常见的南极种，与 Lepidapedon garrardi (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914) 和 Neolebouria georgiensis Gibson, 1976 一起，它们是宿主特异性最低的寄生虫。原本的亚南极 Neolepidapedon macquariensis Zdzitowiecki, 1993 是南极半岛的新记录，Parachaenichthys charcoti (Vaillant) 是新的宿主记录。Neolebouria terranovaensis Zdzitowiecki, Pisano & Vacchi, 1993 因形态和尺寸相同，被认为是 N. georgiensis 的同义词。目前研究的科内已知的系统发育关系得到了支持，包括 Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982 的多系性，未来需要将其南极种归入一个新属。M. georgiana (Kovaleva & Gaevskaja, 1974) 和 M. magellanica Laskowski, Jezewski & Zdzitowiecki, 2013 的有效性需要进一步分析来确认。南极地区的遗传序列数据仍然很少，需要更多应用综合分类学方法和大规模底栖无脊椎动物寄生虫检查的研究，以将幼虫阶段的序列与特征明确的成虫序列相匹配，并阐明吸虫的生命周期。
