Martin Storm B, Cutmore Scott C, Cribb Thomas H
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Syst Parasitol. 2018 Jan;95(1):1-31. doi: 10.1007/s11230-017-9761-1. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
Despite morphological and ecological inconsistencies among species, all plagioporine opecoelids with a pedunculate ventral sucker are currently considered to belong in the genus Podocotyloides Yamaguti, 1934. We revise the genus based on combined morphological and phylogenetic analyses of novel material collected from haemulid fishes in Queensland waters that we interpret to represent species congeneric with the type-species, Pod. petalophallus Yamaguti, 1934, also known from a haemulid, off Japan. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrates polyphyly of Podocotyloides; prompts us to resurrect Pedunculacetabulum Yamaguti, 1934; and suggests that Pod. brevis Andres & Overstreet, 2013, from a deep-sea congrid in the Caribbean, and Pod. parupenei (Manter, 1963) Pritchard, 1966 and Pod. stenometra Pritchard, 1966, from mullids and chaetodontids, respectively, on the Great Barrier Reef, may each represent a distinct genus awaiting recognition. Our revised concept of Podocotyloides requires a pedunculate ventral sucker, but also a uterine sphincter prior to the genital atrium, a petalloid cirrus appendage, restriction of the vitelline follicles to the hindbody, and for the excretory vesicle to reach to the level of the ventral sucker. Of about 20 nominal species, we recognise just three in Podocotyloides (sensu stricto): Pod. petalophallus, Pod. gracilis (Yamaguti, 1952) Pritchard, 1966 and Pod. magnatestes Aleshkina & Gaevskaya, 1985. We provide new records for Pod. gracilis, and propose two new species of Podocotyloides, Pod. australis n. sp. and Pod. brevivesiculatus n. sp., and one new Pedunculacetabulum species, Ped. inopinipugnus n. sp., all from haemulids. Podocotyloides australis is morphologically indistinguishable from Pod. gracilis, and exploits the same definitive host, but is genetically and biogeographically distinct. It is thus a cryptic species, the first such opecoelid to be formally named.
尽管不同物种之间在形态和生态上存在差异，但目前所有具有柄状腹吸盘的斜孔科斜孔吸虫都被认为属于1934年Yamaguti建立的柄杯属（Podocotyloides）。我们基于对从昆士兰水域的鲷科鱼类收集的新材料进行的形态学和系统发育分析相结合的方法，对该属进行了修订。我们认为这些新材料所代表的物种与模式种——1934年Yamaguti描述的采自日本附近鲷科鱼类的花瓣睾柄杯吸虫（Pod. petalophallus）同属。我们的系统发育分析表明柄杯属是多系的；促使我们重新启用1934年Yamaguti建立的柄盘属（Pedunculacetabulum）；并表明采自加勒比海深海康吉鳗的2013年Andres和Overstreet描述的短柄杯吸虫（Pod. brevis），以及分别采自大堡礁笛鲷科和蝴蝶鱼科鱼类的1966年Pritchard描述的副佩氏柄杯吸虫（Pod. parupenei）和窄子宫柄杯吸虫（Pod. stenometra），可能各自代表一个有待确认的独特属。我们对柄杯属的修订概念要求有一个柄状腹吸盘，同时在生殖前房之前有一个子宫括约肌、一个花瓣状的阴茎附属器、卵黄滤泡限于虫体后体，并且排泄囊延伸到腹吸盘水平。在约20个名义种中，我们仅认可柄杯属（狭义）中的3个种：花瓣睾柄杯吸虫、纤细柄杯吸虫（Pod. gracilis，1952年Yamaguti描述，1966年Pritchard修订）和大睾丸柄杯吸虫（Pod. magnatestes，1985年Aleshkina和Gaevskaya描述）。我们提供了纤细柄杯吸虫的新记录，并提出了柄杯属的两个新种——澳洲柄杯吸虫（Pod. australis n. sp.）和短囊柄杯吸虫（Pod. brevivesiculatus n. sp.），以及柄盘属的一个新种——意外爪柄盘吸虫（Ped. inopinipugnus n. sp.），所有这些新种均采自鲷科鱼类。澳洲柄杯吸虫在形态上与纤细柄杯吸虫无法区分，且利用相同的终末宿主，但在遗传和生物地理上有所不同。因此，它是一个隐存种，是首个被正式命名的此类斜孔吸虫。
