Plant phenolics as inhibitors of mutational and precarcinogenic events.

Initiation of chemical carcinogenesis involves the intracellular formation of a highly reactive electrophile that can attack many chemical nucleophiles in the cell, including DNA, a process that seems to be a central mechanism of initiation. Competing chemical nucleophiles in the cell, such as endogenous glutathione, can act as protecting or blocking agents against the attack on DNA. There are chemical substances in our food supply that may act as anticarcinogens or antimutagens by blocking or trapping ultimate carcinogen electrophiles in a nucleophilic chemical reaction, to form innocuous products. A continuous input of these substances could serve as an additional buffer against DNA damage, supplementing the endogenous systems qualitatively and quantitatively. Certain plant phenolics can be effective inhibitors of chemical mutagens and (or) carcinogens. Tetrapyrroles and porphyrins, both plant and animal, can also act as blocking agents. Both plant phenolics and porphyrins are primarily active against aromatic carcinogens as inhibitors of mutagenesis in in vitro systems. Plant phenolics have also demonstrated inhibiting activity against aromatic chemically induced carcinogenesis.