Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
NanoImpact. 2021 Apr;22:100319. doi: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100319. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
Consumption of silver nanoparticles (nAg) is increasing due to their use in various industries. A comprehensive analysis is needed to elucidate the potential environmental and human health benefits and costs of the silver-enabled consumer products. For this purpose, four commercially available silver/nanosilver enabled polyester textiles with different initial silver/nanosilver loadings (1.07-4030 μg Ag/g textile) are included in the current research and cradle-to-grave life cycle assessments (LCA) are conducted to identify hotspots associated with production and use of these products throughout their lifetimes (100 cycles). Both non nano-specific and nano-specific impacts are calculated using nano-specific ecotoxicity characterization factors for nAg, instead of the commonly utilized ionic silver (Ag) surrogate. Additionally, four different laundering scenarios were modeled to analyze the impacts resulting from using conventional and high efficiency machines. In the majority of environmental impact categories, either polyester textile manufacturing (regardless of Ag/nAg enabling) or laundering were identified as hotspots. Non nano-specific ecotoxicity impacts ranged from 1.58 × 10-2.91 × 10 CTUe/textile (CTUe: comparative toxic units for ecosystems) and nano-specific ecotoxicity impacts ranged from 2.01 × 10-3.10 × 10 CTUe/textile for the lowest and the highest Ag/nAg containing textiles, respectively. It is also found that unless the initial silver loading per textile is significantly high (in this case 4030 μg Ag/g textile comparing to the lowest load of 1.07 μg Ag/g textile), ecotoxicity and human health impacts of released silver species would be lower than ecotoxicity and human health impacts resulting from raw materials acquisition and manufacturing of the antibacterial textiles.
由于纳米银（nAg）在各个行业的应用，其消耗量不断增加。需要进行全面分析，以阐明含银消费品潜在的环境和人类健康效益和成本。为此，本研究包含了四种市售的含银/纳米银聚酯纤维纺织品，它们具有不同的初始银/纳米银负载量（1.07-4030μg Ag/g 纺织品），并对其进行了从摇篮到坟墓的生命周期评估（LCA），以确定与这些产品在其整个生命周期（100 次循环）内生产和使用相关的热点。使用纳米银的特定生态毒性特征因子而非常用的离子银（Ag）替代物来计算非纳米特定和纳米特定的影响。此外，还模拟了四种不同的洗涤场景，以分析使用传统和高效机器所带来的影响。在大多数环境影响类别中，无论是聚酯纤维纺织品制造（无论是否启用 Ag/nAg）还是洗涤，均被确定为热点。非纳米特定的生态毒性影响范围为 1.58×10-2.91×10 CTUe/纺织品（CTUe：生态系统比较毒性单位），纳米特定的生态毒性影响范围为最低和最高 Ag/nAg 含量纺织品分别为 2.01×10-3.10×10 CTUe/纺织品。此外，还发现除非每块纺织品的初始银负载量显著较高（在这种情况下为 4030μg Ag/g 纺织品，而最低负载量为 1.07μg Ag/g 纺织品），否则释放的银物种的生态毒性和人类健康影响将低于抗菌纺织品原材料获取和制造所带来的生态毒性和人类健康影响。
