Blood Transplant and Cell Therapies Program, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales.
Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales.
Am J Hematol. 2023 Jan;98(1):159-165. doi: 10.1002/ajh.26594. Epub 2022 May 20.
We designed a trial to simultaneously address the problems of graft versus host disease (GVHD), infection, and recurrence of malignancy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. CD34 stem cell isolation was used to minimize the development of acute and chronic GVHD. Two prophylactic infusions, one combining donor-derived cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Aspergillus fumigatus specific T-cells and the other comprising donor-derived CD19 directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) bearing T-cells, were given 21-28 days after transplant. Two patients were transplanted for acute lymphoblastic leukemia from HLA identical siblings using standard doses of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation without antilymphocyte globulin. Patients received no post-transplant immune suppression and were given no pre-CAR T-cell lymphodepletion. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment was prompt. Following adoptive T-cell infusions, there was rapid appearance of antigen-experienced CD8 and to a lesser extent CD4 T-cells. Tetramer-positive T-cells targeting CMV and EBV appeared rapidly after T-cell infusion and persisted for at least 1 year. CAR T-cell expansion occurred and persisted for up to 3 months. T-cell receptor tracking confirmed the presence of product-derived T-cell clones in blood targeting all three pathogens. Both patients are alive over 3 years post-transplant without evidence of GVHD or disease recurrence. Combining robust donor T-cell depletion with directed T-cell adoptive immunotherapy targeting infectious and malignant antigens permits independent modulation of GVHD, infection, and disease recurrence. The combination may separate GVHD from the graft versus tumor effect, accelerate immune reconstitution, and improve transplant tolerability.
我们设计了一项试验,旨在同时解决异基因干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)、感染和恶性肿瘤复发的问题。使用 CD34 干细胞分离术来最大程度地减少急性和慢性 GVHD 的发生。在移植后 21-28 天,给予两种预防性输注,一种是包含供体来源的巨细胞病毒、EB 病毒和烟曲霉特异性 T 细胞的混合物,另一种是包含供体来源的靶向 CD19 的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T 细胞。两名患者因急性淋巴细胞白血病从 HLA 完全匹配的兄弟姐妹处接受移植,使用标准剂量的环磷酰胺和全身照射,而不使用抗淋巴细胞球蛋白。患者未接受移植后免疫抑制治疗,也未进行 CAR T 细胞淋巴耗竭。中性粒细胞和血小板植入迅速。在过继性 T 细胞输注后,迅速出现抗原经验的 CD8 和在较小程度上的 CD4 T 细胞。T 细胞输注后,CMV 和 EBV 的四聚体阳性 T 细胞迅速出现,并持续至少 1 年。CAR T 细胞扩增发生并持续长达 3 个月。T 细胞受体追踪证实了靶向所有三种病原体的血液中存在源自产品的 T 细胞克隆。两名患者在移植后 3 年以上无 GVHD 或疾病复发的证据。将强大的供体 T 细胞耗竭与针对感染和恶性抗原的定向 T 细胞过继免疫治疗相结合,可以独立调节 GVHD、感染和疾病复发。这种组合可能将 GVHD 与移植物抗肿瘤效应分开,加速免疫重建,并提高移植耐受性。