Smith P D, Gotz V P, Ryerson G G
Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1987 May;21(5):417-21. doi: 10.1177/106002808702100503.
Almitrine bismesylate is a pharmacologically unique respiratory stimulant. It enhances respiration after both acute and chronic administration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. In comparison with traditional central-acting respiratory stimulants, almitrine has advantages of oral activity, prolonged duration of effect, and an improved adverse effect profile. Almitrine is generally well tolerated, with headache and minor gastrointestinal disturbances being the most frequently observed side effects. This investigational agent has been shown to increase arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease both at rest and during exercise through increased ventilation and improved ventilation/perfusion matching. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation because of its ability to reduce the frequency and severity of nocturnal hypoxemia without impairing the quality of sleep. Additional research is needed to further define the role of almitrine in the relief of hypoxemia.
二甲磺酸烯丙哌三嗪是一种药理学特性独特的呼吸兴奋剂。通过作用于位于颈动脉体的外周化学感受器的激动剂，它在急性和慢性给药后均可增强呼吸作用。与传统的中枢性呼吸兴奋剂相比，烯丙哌三嗪具有口服活性、作用持续时间长和不良反应谱改善等优点。烯丙哌三嗪一般耐受性良好，最常观察到的副作用是头痛和轻微的胃肠道不适。在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中，无论是静息状态还是运动期间，这种研究用药物已显示出可通过增加通气和改善通气/血流匹配来提高动脉血氧分压，同时降低动脉血二氧化碳分压。由于其能够降低夜间低氧血症的频率和严重程度而不损害睡眠质量，它可能在治疗夜间氧饱和度下降方面也有用。需要进一步的研究来进一步明确烯丙哌三嗪在缓解低氧血症中的作用。
