Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil.
Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 21;19(9):5055. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095055.
Oral lesions are usually the first sign of HIV infection. The present study aimed to determine the level of the knowledge of dentists on the dental care needs of People Living with HIV (PLWH). This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2021, in the Brazilian state of Pará, during which a total of 51 dentists received an anonymous digital form (Google Forms Platform) composed of four blocks of discursive, dichotomous, and multiple-choice questions. The questions referred to various aspects of the dental care needs of PLWH, together with data on the professional activities of the dentists. After signing the term of informed consent, the dentists were divided into six subgroups according to the time (in years) since completing their bachelor's degree in dentistry. The data were presented as descriptive statistics and percentages, and then analyzed using the Kappa test. Most (70.6%; 36 of 51) of the dentists were female, the mean age of the dentists was 32.5 years, and a majority (80.2%) were based in the city of Belem; the mean time since graduation was 8.5 years, with 22 (43.1%) having more than 5 years of professional experience, and 31 (60.8%) having graduated from a private dental college. Just over half (51%) of the 51 dentists had completed graduate courses, and the most common dental specialty was orthodontics (19.6%). Most (74.5%) of the dentists work in the private sector, 38 (74.5%) claimed to have already provided oral care to PLWH, and 43 (84.3%) had access to specialist content on the oral care needs of PLWH. In terms of the knowledge of the dentists with regard to the oral care needs of PLWH, four of the ten diagnostic questions obtained more inadequate answers than expected, whereas the final two questions (11-45.1% and 12-31.4%) demonstrated that many of the dentists adopt unnecessary modifications in their oral care protocol for PLWH, due to a fear of contamination. Overall, our results demonstrate a frequent lack of knowledge, especially with regard to the oral healthcare needs of PLWH, which may account for many of the stigmas that persist in the dental care of this vulnerable group.
口腔病变通常是 HIV 感染的第一迹象。本研究旨在确定牙医对艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）的口腔护理需求的认知水平。这项横断面研究于 2021 年 2 月至 5 月在巴西帕拉州进行，共有 51 名牙医收到了一份匿名的数字表格（谷歌表格平台），该表格由四个部分组成：论述、二分和多项选择题。这些问题涉及 PLWH 口腔护理需求的各个方面，以及牙医专业活动的数据。在签署知情同意书后，牙医根据完成牙科本科教育的年限（以年为单位）分为六个小组。数据以描述性统计和百分比表示，然后使用 Kappa 检验进行分析。大多数（70.6%；51 名牙医中的 36 名）为女性，牙医的平均年龄为 32.5 岁，大多数（80.2%）位于贝伦市；毕业时间的平均值为 8.5 年，22 名（43.1%）的牙医有超过 5 年的专业经验，31 名（60.8%）毕业于私立牙科学校。超过一半（51%）的 51 名牙医完成了研究生课程，最常见的牙科专业是正畸学（19.6%）。大多数（74.5%）牙医在私营部门工作，38 名（74.5%）牙医声称已经为 PLWH 提供了口腔护理，43 名（84.3%）牙医可以获得有关 PLWH 口腔护理需求的专家内容。关于牙医对 PLWH 口腔护理需求的认知，十个诊断问题中有四个获得的不恰当答案多于预期，而最后两个问题（11-45.1%和 12-31.4%）表明，由于担心污染，许多牙医对 PLWH 的口腔护理方案进行了不必要的修改。总的来说，我们的结果表明，牙医经常缺乏知识，尤其是对 PLWH 的口腔保健需求缺乏知识，这可能是导致该弱势群体在口腔护理方面持续存在污名的原因之一。
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