Tesfay Fisaha Haile, Backholer Kathryn, Zorbas Christina, Bowe Steven J, Alston Laura, Bennett Catherine M
Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 27;19(9):5316. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095316.
Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors are the leading contributors to morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. To date, there has been no synthesis of the literature on the relative prevalence of NCD risk factors in Ethiopia.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies reporting on the prevalence of NCD risk factors in Ethiopia published in English from 2012 to July 2020. Pre-tested NCD search terms were applied to Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Global Health. Three reviewers screened and appraised the quality of the identified papers. Data extraction was conducted using a pilot tested proforma. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 16 and pooled prevalence estimated with associated 95% confidence intervals. Clinically heterogeneous studies that did not fulfil the eligibility criteria for meta-analysis were narratively synthesised. I was used to assess statistical heterogeneity.
47 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and contributed 68 NCD risk factor prevalence estimates. Hypertension was the most frequently examined NCD risk factor, with a pooled prevalence of 21% ( = 27 studies). The pooled prevalence percentages for overweight and obesity were 19.2% and 10.3%, respectively ( = 7 studies each), with a combined prevalence of 26.8% ( = 1 study). It was not possible to pool the prevalence of alcohol consumption, smoking, metabolic disorders, or fruit consumption because of heterogeneity across studies. The prevalence of alcohol use, as reported from the included individual studies, ranged from 12.4% to 13.5% ( = 7 studies). More than 90% of participants met the WHO-recommended level of physical activity ( = 5 studies). The prevalence of smoking was highly variable, ranging between 0.8% and 38.6%, as was the prevalence of heavy alcohol drinking (12.4% to 21.1%, = 6 studies) and metabolic syndrome (4.8% to 9.6%, = 5 studies). Fruit consumption ranged from 1.5% up to the recommended level, but varied across geographic areas ( = 3 studies).
The prevalence of NCD risk factors in Ethiopia is relatively high. National NCD risk factor surveillance is required to inform the prioritisation of policies and interventions to reduce the NCD burden in Ethiopia.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）及其风险因素是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的低收入和中等收入国家尤为如此。迄今为止，尚未对埃塞俄比亚非传染性疾病风险因素的相对流行情况进行文献综述。
我们对2012年至2020年7月以英文发表的关于埃塞俄比亚非传染性疾病风险因素流行情况的原始研究进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。将经过预测试的非传染性疾病搜索词应用于Medline、Embase、Scopus、CINAHL和Global Health数据库。三位评审员对识别出的论文进行筛选和质量评估。使用经过预测试的表格进行数据提取。使用Stata 16进行荟萃分析，并估计合并患病率及相关的95%置信区间。对不符合荟萃分析纳入标准的临床异质性研究进行叙述性综合分析。I²用于评估统计异质性。
47项研究符合纳入标准，提供了68个非传染性疾病风险因素患病率估计值。高血压是最常被研究的非传染性疾病风险因素，合并患病率为21%（n = 27项研究）。超重和肥胖的合并患病率分别为19.2%和10.3%（每项n = 7项研究），合并患病率为26.8%（n = 1项研究）。由于各研究之间存在异质性，无法汇总饮酒、吸烟、代谢紊乱或水果消费的患病率。纳入的个别研究报告的饮酒患病率在12.4%至13.5%之间（n = 7项研究）。超过90%的参与者达到了世界卫生组织建议的身体活动水平（n = 5项研究）。吸烟患病率差异很大，在0.8%至38.6%之间，重度饮酒患病率（12.4%至21.1%，n = 6项研究）和代谢综合征患病率（4.8%至9.6%，n = 5项研究）也是如此。水果消费量从1.5%到建议水平不等，但不同地理区域有所差异（n = 3项研究）。
埃塞俄比亚非传染性疾病风险因素的患病率相对较高。需要进行全国性非传染性疾病风险因素监测，以便为制定政策和干预措施的优先顺序提供依据，从而减轻埃塞俄比亚的非传染性疾病负担。
