Zanzani Sergio A, Villa Luca, Gazzonis Alessia L, Cartagena Daniel, Mortarino Michele, Bonacina Eleonora, Guadagnini Davide, Allievi Carolina, Manfredi Maria Teresa
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell' Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
"Le Cornelle" Faunistic Park, Via Cornelle 16, 24030 Valbrembo, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Apr 27;12(9):1124. doi: 10.3390/ani12091124.
Nematode infections of mammals can spread in zoos and faunistic parks and lead to disease in humans and animals. Group treatment strategies with anthelminthic drugs are common. Still, their effectiveness should be verified by sensitive and specific copromicroscopic analyses. This study assessed longitudinal parasitological monitoring, by FLOTAC dual technique, in mammals housed in an Italian faunistic park, in order to verify the effectiveness of the two adopted ivermectin prophylactic treatments. Twenty-one species of herbivorous mammals from ten families were treated twice per year with ivermectin in an in-feed formulation (medicated feed containing 1.7 g/ton ivermectin daily, for 30 days in March and November), while 13 species of carnivores and primates from five families were treated once a month with oral or subcutaneous administrations of ivermectin (200 μg/kg body weight (b.w.), from March to November). Fecal samples were collected in June-July and October 2019 (late spring-early summer and autumn sampling groups, respectively). All nematode infections, sustained by spp., spp., spp., spp. and Strongylida, were detected in samples collected from herbivores, presenting prevalence rates of infection of 17.3% (9/52), 15.4% (8/52), 15.4% (8/52), 5.8% (3/52), and 3.8% (2/52), respectively. All carnivores and primates tested negative. The general linear mixed model showed that nematode eggs' excretion in herbivores were influenced by sampling and sampling-host family interaction. Results showed that frequency and dose of prophylactic treatments in herbivores should be improved according to host and parasite taxonomic groups. The treatment adopted in carnivores and primates, together with hygienic management, was effective in nematode control.
哺乳动物的线虫感染可在动物园和野生动物园中传播，并导致人类和动物患病。使用驱虫药物的群体治疗策略很常见。然而，其有效性应通过灵敏且特异的粪便显微镜检查来验证。本研究采用FLOTAC双重技术对意大利野生动物园中的哺乳动物进行纵向寄生虫学监测，以验证所采用的两种伊维菌素预防性治疗的有效性。来自10个科的21种草食性哺乳动物每年用伊维菌素进行两次饲料给药治疗（含1.7克/吨伊维菌素的药饵，3月和11月各投喂30天），而来自5个科的13种肉食性动物和灵长类动物每月口服或皮下注射一次伊维菌素（200微克/千克体重，3月至11月）。粪便样本于2019年6 - 7月和10月采集（分别为春末夏初和秋季采样组）。在从草食性动物采集的样本中检测到由 属、 属、 属、 属和圆线目引起的所有线虫感染，感染率分别为17.3%（9/52）、15.4%（8/52）、15.4%（8/52）、5.8%（3/52）和3.8%（2/52）。所有接受检测的肉食性动物和灵长类动物均呈阴性。广义线性混合模型显示，草食性动物中线虫卵的排泄受采样以及采样 - 宿主科相互作用的影响。结果表明，应根据宿主和寄生虫分类群改进草食性动物预防性治疗的频率和剂量。肉食性动物和灵长类动物所采用的治疗方法，连同卫生管理措施，对线虫控制有效。
