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生长育肥猪的采食行为习性及其对生长性能和胴体品质的影响:综述

The Feeding Behaviour Habits of Growing-Finishing Pigs and Its Effects on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality: A Review.

作者信息

Fornós Marta, Sanz-Fernández Santos, Jiménez-Moreno Encarnación, Carrión Domingo, Gasa Josep, Rodríguez-Estévez Vicente

机构信息

Cargill Animal Nutrition, 50170 Mequinenza, Spain.

Department of Animal Production, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.

出版信息

Animals (Basel). 2022 Apr 28;12(9):1128. doi: 10.3390/ani12091128.

Abstract

Based on the available data of feeding behaviour habits (FBHs), this work aimed to discuss which type of pig, according to its FBHs, performs better and is more efficient. As pigs grow, average daily feed intake, meal size, and feeding rate increase, whereas small variations or even decreases in time spent eating and daily feeder visits have been reported. Moreover, the sex, breed, space allowance, feeder design, feed form, diet composition, and environmental conditions modify FBHs. On the other hand, the literature indicates the existence of four types of pigs: pigs that eat their daily feed intake in many short meals (nibblers) or in few large meals (meal eaters) combined with eating fast (faster eaters) or slow (slow eaters). The available scientific literature about ad libitum fed pigs suggests that pigs eating faster with bigger meals eat more, gain more weight, and are fatter than pigs eating less, slower, and with smaller meals. However, the feeding rate and the meal size do not influence feed efficiency. In conclusion, studies comparing growing-finishing pigs with similar feed intake, but different feeding rate and meal size are needed to better understand the influence of FBHs on feed efficiency.

摘要

基于现有的采食行为习惯(FBHs)数据,本研究旨在探讨根据FBHs哪种类型的猪表现更好且更高效。随着猪的生长,平均日采食量、采食餐量和采食速度会增加,而据报道采食时间和每日进入采食器的次数会有小的变化甚至减少。此外,性别、品种、空间占有率、采食器设计、饲料形态、日粮组成和环境条件都会改变FBHs。另一方面,文献表明存在四种类型的猪:将每日采食量分成许多小餐采食的猪(少食多餐型)或分成少数大餐采食的猪(多食多餐型),以及采食速度快(采食快型)或慢(采食慢型)的猪。关于自由采食猪的现有科学文献表明,采食量大且速度快的猪比采食少、速度慢且餐量小的猪吃得更多、增重更多且更胖。然而,采食速度和餐量并不影响饲料效率。总之,需要开展研究比较采食量相似但采食速度和餐量不同的生长育肥猪,以更好地了解FBHs对饲料效率之影响。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f1c5/9099574/0e7ac48fd47c/animals-12-01128-g002.jpg

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