Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California (Main Campus), Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
Molecules. 2022 Apr 21;27(9):2685. doi: 10.3390/molecules27092685.
Brain tumors are the most widespread malignancies in children around the world. Chemotherapy plays a critical role in the treatment of these tumors. Although the current chemotherapy process has a remarkable outcome for a certain subtype of brain tumor, improving patient survival is still a major challenge. Further intensive treatment with conventional non-specific chemotherapy could cause additional adverse reactions without significant advancement in survival. Recently, patient derived brain tumor, xenograft, and whole genome analysis using deep sequencing technology has made a significant contribution to our understanding of cancer treatment. This realization has changed the focus to new agents, targeting the molecular pathways that are critical to tumor survival or proliferation. Thus, many novel drugs targeting epigenetic regulators or tyrosine kinase have been developed. These selective drugs may have less toxicity in normal cells and are expected to be more effective than non-specific chemotherapeutics. This review will summarize the latest novel targets and corresponding candidate drugs, which are promising chemotherapy for brain tumors according to the biological insights.
脑肿瘤是全世界儿童中最常见的恶性肿瘤。化疗在这些肿瘤的治疗中起着关键作用。尽管目前的化疗过程对特定类型的脑肿瘤有显著的效果，但提高患者生存率仍然是一个主要挑战。进一步强化使用常规非特异性化疗可能会导致更多的不良反应，而对生存没有显著的改善。最近，利用深度测序技术对患者来源的脑肿瘤、异种移植物和全基因组进行分析，为我们理解癌症治疗做出了重大贡献。这一认识改变了研究的重点，转向针对对肿瘤存活或增殖至关重要的分子途径的新药物。因此，已经开发出许多针对表观遗传调节剂或酪氨酸激酶的新型药物。这些选择性药物在正常细胞中的毒性可能较小，预计比非特异性化疗药物更有效。本综述将根据生物学见解，总结最新的新型靶点和相应的候选药物，这些药物有望成为脑肿瘤的化疗药物。
