School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
Theriogenology. 2022 Jul 15;187:127-134. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.029. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
The most of embryo losses occur before the day 16 after artificial insemination, but there is no low cost and easy operation that can detect pregnancy with high accuracy within three weeks post-insemination in cattle. In this study, blood samples were collected at day 18 of the estrous cycle, and days 18, 25 and 35 of pregnancy, and relative levels of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), Toll-like receptor (TLRs), complement components, early pregnancy factor (EPF) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) proteins were analyzed through Western blot. In addition, a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was developed using the selected antibody, and the test was used for early pregnancy diagnosis. The results showed that there were changes in relative levels of plasma ISGs, TLRs, complement components, EPF and PAPPA proteins during early pregnancy in cattle, and complement component 1q (C1q) could be used as an ideal marker to develop a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip for early pregnancy diagnosis. In addition, the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by this test strip was 91.67% (11/12) for pregnant cows and 80% (8/10) nonpregnant cows at day 18 after insemination. In conclusion, the changes in plasma ISGs, TLRs, complement components, EPF and PAPPA proteins may be related to the maternal systemic immune modulation during early pregnancy, and a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was developed for early pregnancy diagnosis using C1q as the ideal marker in cows. However, this colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip needs further studies to improve the accuracy.
大多数胚胎丢失发生在人工授精后 16 天之前，但在牛中，没有低成本且易于操作的方法可以在授精后 3 周内准确检测怀孕。在这项研究中，在发情周期的第 18 天、怀孕的第 18、25 和 35 天采集血液样本，并通过 Western blot 分析干扰素刺激基因（ISGs）、Toll 样受体（TLRs）、补体成分、早期妊娠因子（EPF）和妊娠相关血浆蛋白 A（PAPPA）蛋白的相对水平。此外，使用选定的抗体开发了胶体金免疫层析测试条，并用于早期妊娠诊断。结果表明，牛早期妊娠期间血浆 ISGs、TLRs、补体成分、EPF 和 PAPPA 蛋白的相对水平发生变化，补体成分 1q（C1q）可作为理想的标记物，用于开发胶体金免疫层析测试条进行早期妊娠诊断。此外，该测试条在授精后第 18 天对妊娠牛的妊娠诊断准确率为 91.67%（11/12），对非妊娠牛的准确率为 80%（8/10）。总之，血浆 ISGs、TLRs、补体成分、EPF 和 PAPPA 蛋白的变化可能与早期妊娠期间母体全身免疫调节有关，并且使用 C1q 作为理想标记物开发了胶体金免疫层析测试条用于牛的早期妊娠诊断。然而，该胶体金免疫层析测试条需要进一步研究以提高准确性。
