Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;302:134931. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134931. Epub 2022 May 11.
Various methods have been applied to modify the surface of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to modify the membrane performance to enhance the flux, rejection, and resistance to various factors of fouling. Hence, the main objective of the current study is to modify the surface of commercial RO membranes using the synergistic effect of the hydrophilic polymer and graphene oxide (GO). GO nanosheets were firstly synthesized by the modified hummer method, then characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. Then, the polyacrylic acid (PAA) was grafted on the membrane surface for membrane fabrication. Furthermore, effective factors of grafting such as monomer concentration, time, and temperature of polymerization were optimized. After that, different amounts of GO nanosheets were loaded in PAA optimized layer. Then, the effect of GO loading on the RO membrane structure and performance was investigated. The outcomes of membrane characterization demonstrated that modified RO membranes had a smoother surface, more negative surface charge, a little better hydrophilicity, and more thickness. Moreover, the results of PAA and GO optimization were shown that grafting 1.5 mM of PAA and loading 0.1 wt% of GO nanosheets give the best membrane performance. This membrane (GO 0.1@1.5M PAA/RO) between all modified membranes has the most water flux (37.1 L/mh), the highest NaCl rejection (98%), and the best antifouling efficiency. Ultimately, it was concluded that the grafting of GO@PAA on the surface of a commercial RO membrane is an efficient approach for the enhancement of desalination and antifouling performance of this kind of membrane.
各种方法已被应用于改性反渗透（RO）膜的表面，以改变膜性能，提高通量、截留率和抗各种污染因素的能力。因此，本研究的主要目的是利用亲水性聚合物和氧化石墨烯（GO）的协同效应来改性商业 RO 膜的表面。首先通过改良的 Hummer 法合成 GO 纳米片，然后通过 FTIR、XRD 和 SEM 分析进行表征。然后，将聚丙烯酸（PAA）接枝到膜表面进行膜制备。此外，优化了接枝单体浓度、时间和聚合温度等有效因素。然后，在优化的 PAA 层中负载不同量的 GO 纳米片。然后，研究了 GO 负载量对 RO 膜结构和性能的影响。膜表征结果表明，改性 RO 膜具有更光滑的表面、更负的表面电荷、稍好的亲水性和更厚的厚度。此外，PAA 和 GO 优化结果表明，接枝 1.5 mM 的 PAA 和负载 0.1 wt%的 GO 纳米片可获得最佳的膜性能。在所有改性膜中，这种膜（GO 0.1@1.5M PAA/RO）具有最大的水通量（37.1 L/mh）、最高的 NaCl 截留率（98%）和最佳的抗污染效率。最终得出结论，在商业 RO 膜表面接枝 GO@PAA 是提高这种膜脱盐和抗污染性能的有效方法。
