National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15719-14911, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;302:134930. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134930. Epub 2022 May 11.
The use of nanomaterials (NMs) in the fabrication and modification of membranes as well as the coupling of nanomaterial-based processes with membrane processes have been attracted many researchers today. The NMs due to a wide range of types, different chemistry, the possibility of various kinds of functionality, different properties like antibacterial activity, hydrophilicity, and large surface area were applied to enhance the membrane properties. In the membrane bioreactors (MBRs) as a highly successful process of membrane technology in wastewater treatment, the NMs have been applied for improving the efficiency of MBR process. This review assessed the application of NMs both as the modifiers of membrane and as the effective part of hybrid techniques with MBR system for wastewater treatment. The efficiency of NMs blended membranes in the MBR process has been reviewed in terms of antifouling and antibacterial improvement and removal performance of the pollutants. Novel kinds of NMs were recognized and discussed based on their properties and advantages. The NMs-based photocatalytic and electrochemical processes integrated with MBR were reviewed with their benefits and drawbacks. In addition, the effect of the presence of mobilized NPs in the sludge on MBR performance was surveyed. As a result of this review, it can be concluded that nanomaterials generally improve MBR performance. The high flux and antifouling properties can be obtained by adding nanomaterials with hydrophilic and antibacterial properties to the membrane, and further studies are required for photocatalytic NMs applications. In addition, this review shows that the low amounts of NMs in the membrane structure could have an effective influence on the MBR process. Besides, since many studies in the literature are carried out at the laboratory scale, it is thought that pilot and real-scale studies should be carried out to obtain more reliable data.
纳米材料（NMs）在膜的制造和改性中的应用以及基于纳米材料的工艺与膜工艺的耦合已吸引了当今许多研究人员的关注。由于具有广泛的类型、不同的化学性质、各种功能的可能性、抗菌活性、亲水性和大表面积等不同的特性，NMs 被应用于增强膜的性能。在膜生物反应器（MBR）中，作为膜技术在废水处理中的一项非常成功的工艺，NMs 已被应用于提高 MBR 工艺的效率。本综述评估了 NMs 作为膜改性剂以及与 MBR 系统的混合技术的有效部分在废水处理中的应用。从抗污染和抗菌改善以及污染物去除性能方面，综述了 NMs 共混膜在 MBR 工艺中的效率。根据其性质和优势，识别和讨论了新型 NMs。综述了与 MBR 集成的基于纳米材料的光催化和电化学过程及其优缺点。此外，还调查了存在于污泥中的可迁移 NPs 对 MBR 性能的影响。通过在膜中添加具有亲水性和抗菌性的纳米材料，可以获得高通量和抗污染性能，这是本综述的结果。需要进一步研究光催化纳米材料的应用。此外，本综述表明，膜结构中纳米材料的低含量可能对 MBR 工艺有有效的影响。此外，由于文献中的许多研究都是在实验室规模上进行的，因此认为应该进行中试和实际规模的研究，以获得更可靠的数据。
