DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
J Insect Physiol. 2022 May-Jun;139:104399. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104399. Epub 2022 May 11.
Upon infection, the phenoloxidase system in arthropods is rapidly mobilized and constitutes a major defense system against invaders. The activation of the key enzymes prophenoloxidase (PPO) and their action in immunity through melanization and encapsulation of foreign bodies in hemolymph has been described in many insects. On the other hand, little is known about PPOs involvement in other essential functions related to insect development. In this paper, we investigated the function of the two PPOs of the crop pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (PPO1 and PPO2). We show that PPOs are mainly expressed in hemocytes with the PPO2 expressed at higher levels than the PPO1. In addition, these two genes are expressed in the same tissue and at the same stages of insect development. Through the generation of loss-of-function mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 method, we show that the presence of PPOs is essential for the normal development of the pupa and the survival of the insect.
昆虫受到感染后，酚氧化酶系统会迅速被激活，成为抵御外来入侵的主要防御系统。许多昆虫的研究已经描述了关键酶原酚氧化酶 (PPO) 的激活及其通过黑化和血淋巴中外来物质的包被作用在免疫中的作用。另一方面，对于 PPO 参与与昆虫发育相关的其他基本功能知之甚少。在本文中，我们研究了鳞翅目害虫草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）的两种 PPO（PPO1 和 PPO2）的功能。我们表明，PPO 主要在血细胞中表达，其中 PPO2 的表达水平高于 PPO1。此外，这两个基因在相同的组织和昆虫发育的相同阶段表达。通过 CRISPR/Cas9 方法生成功能丧失突变体，我们表明 PPO 的存在对于蛹的正常发育和昆虫的存活是必不可少的。
