Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Population Health Across-Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
Vaccine. 2022 Jun 9;40(26):3546-3555. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.079. Epub 2022 May 12.
The burden of Japanese encephalitis (JE) is substantial and is arguably one of the most serious viral encephalitic diseases with high case fatality and no specific treatment. JE vaccines are the only available mean to prevent the disease; however, the long-term persistence of antibodies, boostability, and interchangeability between different vaccine classes are not well understood.
To summarise the evidence, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were systematically searched from their inception to March 2021. Dose-response meta-analysis was utilised to synthesise the proportion of individuals who were seropositive over time after a primary vaccination course and a booster dose. Proportion meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the proportion of individuals who were seropositive as well as those who reported adverse events following a booster dose with a different vaccine class.
Of 1053 publications retrieved, 27 studies with 4,558 participants were included. Of these, 11 studies assessed persistence of antibodies, 14 studies boostability, and 8 vaccine class interchangeability. The pooled seropositivity, 1-year after primary vaccination was 83.4% (95 %CI 78.2-89.5%) and remained stable for up to 5 years (82.7%; 95 %CI 76.1-89.4%). Rapid anamnestic response was observed 10 days post-booster dose, the proportion of individuals who were seropositive reached 96.9% (95 %CI 95.9-97.8%) and remained > 95% for up to 6 years. Inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines followed by a booster dose of a different vaccine class was effective (i.e. seropositive 99%) and well tolerated.
A booster dose after the primary vaccination is effective and further booster doses may be needed after 7 years. Inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccine followed by a booster with a newer vaccine class is effective and safe; although, there is a paucity of data related to newer classes of vaccines interchangeability.
日本脑炎（JE）负担沉重，可以说是最严重的病毒性脑炎之一，病死率高，且无特效治疗方法。JE 疫苗是预防该病的唯一手段；然而，人们对抗体的长期持久性、增强能力以及不同疫苗类别之间的可互换性知之甚少。
为了总结证据，从建库到 2021 年 3 月，我们系统地检索了 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane CENTRAL。我们利用剂量反应荟萃分析来综合分析初次疫苗接种后和加强针接种后随时间推移而呈血清阳性的个体比例。我们还进行了比例荟萃分析，以评估不同疫苗类别加强针接种后的血清阳性率和不良事件报告率。
在检索到的 1053 篇文献中，有 27 项研究纳入了 4558 名参与者。其中，11 项研究评估了抗体的持久性，14 项研究评估了增强能力，8 项研究评估了疫苗类别可互换性。初次接种疫苗后 1 年的血清阳性率为 83.4%（95%CI 78.2-89.5%），5 年内保持稳定（82.7%；95%CI 76.1-89.4%）。加强针接种后 10 天快速产生记忆反应，血清阳性率达到 96.9%（95%CI 95.9-97.8%），6 年内保持>95%。经灭活鼠脑衍生疫苗初次接种后，再加强接种不同疫苗类别是有效的（即血清阳性率为 99%），且耐受性良好。
初次接种疫苗后加强针接种是有效的，7 年后可能需要进一步加强针接种。经灭活鼠脑衍生疫苗初次接种后，再加强接种新型疫苗类别是有效的且安全的；然而，关于新型疫苗类别可互换性的数据较少。
