Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Biotechnol. 2022 Jun 20;352:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.05.003. Epub 2022 May 13.
Fossil fuels such as petroleum resources continue to be a significant fraction of the energy portfolio. Oil sludge or slops have become an unavoidable waste in the petroleum industries, and their improper disposal measures have led to environmental pollution. Various conventional and traditional practices for disposal and recovery are practiced, but the efficiency of MEOR has led to more promising and efficient ways to recover oil from oil reservoirs and waste sludges. Among the microbial bioactives, biosurfactants are the key players in the whole process. Although, MEOR using biosurfactants has been largely practiced for recovering oil from oil reservoirs, microbial metabolites are also proving to be effective in recovering oil from the waste oily sludges generated as a part of the petroleum production cycle. MEOR stands out as a economically sound alternative over other conventional methods that require large capital investment, heavy energy consumption and varying recovery efficiency. This review describes the scope of MEOR to be useful in reducing and reusing the waste oily sludge accumulation that when untreated causes environmental pollution, allowing sustainable use of natural resources. However, lack of reproducibility at field scale, large scale production of bioactive compounds are the major reasons leading to its incompatibility. The review aims to address the gaps and possible strategies to help speed up the efficiency by thoroughly focusing on the biosurfactant mediated MEOR process dynamics and use of various non-renewable substrates as measure of waste utilization for the production of metabolites. The molecular makeup of these significant molecules after extracting them from the contaminated niche will help discover microbial diversity. Furthermore, the limitations to this biosurfactant assisted MEOR can be solved by using genomic and high throughput approaches to execute an economical implementation at field scale level.
化石燃料（如石油资源）仍然是能源组合中的重要组成部分。石油污泥或油渣已成为石油工业中不可避免的废物，如果处理不当，会导致环境污染。目前已经有各种常规和传统的处理和回收方法，但微生物强化采油（MEOR）的效率更高，为从油藏和废油泥中回收石油提供了更有前景和更有效的方法。在微生物生物活性剂中，生物表面活性剂是整个过程的关键因素。尽管微生物强化采油（MEOR）使用生物表面活性剂从油藏中回收石油的应用已经很广泛，但微生物代谢物也被证明可以有效地从石油生产过程中产生的废油泥中回收石油。与需要大量资本投资、大量能源消耗和不同回收效率的其他常规方法相比，MEOR 是一种经济合理的替代方法。本文综述了 MEOR 在减少和再利用废油泥积累方面的应用前景，因为未经处理的废油泥会导致环境污染，从而允许可持续利用自然资源。然而，由于缺乏现场规模的可重复性和生物活性化合物的大规模生产，导致其不兼容。该综述旨在解决差距和可能的策略，通过深入关注生物表面活性剂介导的 MEOR 过程动力学以及使用各种不可再生基质作为衡量代谢物生产的废物利用的措施，来帮助提高效率。从污染生态位中提取这些重要分子后，它们的分子结构将有助于发现微生物多样性。此外，可以通过基因组和高通量方法来解决这种生物表面活性剂辅助的 MEOR 的局限性，从而在现场规模水平上实现经济有效的实施。
