Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Viswavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India.
Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Viswavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2022 Jun;31:100728. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100728. Epub 2022 Apr 1.
Trypanosoma evansi, a unicellular haemoflagellate, causes surra in bovines and other economically important livestock species. We report here the epidemiological variables associated with the high prevalence of T. evansi infection in cattle in the plain agro-climatic zone of Chhattisgarh state, India. A total of 920 blood and sera samples were tested by a combination of parasitological, molecular and serodiagnostic tests. An overall prevalence of T. evansi was recorded as 4.57% (95% CI: 3.22-5.92%), 6.09% (95% CI: 4.54-7.63%), 63.91% (95% CI: 60.81-67.01%) and 55.33% (95% CI: 52.12-58.54%) by direct microscopy, PCR, ELISA and IFAT, respectively. The Chi-Square test established a significant correlation between the prevalence of T. evansi and the season, breed and place of the study, while the association with the gender and age of the animals was insignificant. The analysis of the prevalence ratio revealed a significant association of the breed, season and place of study with the prevalence of T. evansi. As per PR , the prevalence was 1.63 times higher in summer and 1.68 times higher in the rainy season than in the winter (reference season). The prevalence was higher in all the districts as compared to Rajnandgaon (reference district). The prevalence ratio in Sahiwal and HF cross-breed cattle was significantly higher than the Gir breed of cattle (reference). Durg district recorded the highest prevalence of surra, and the difference was significant. The medium IFAT titre, determined in a large number of sera collected from Durg, predicted a higher incidence of trypanosomosis in that district. Since T. evansi has a broad host range, the study predicted that a large population of livestock in Chhattisgarh state were at high risk of T. evansi infection. Treatment of the subclinically and clinically infected animals with selective curative drugs, such as diminazene aceturate, isometamidium chloride or the combination of quinapyramine sulphate and quinapyramine chloride, could help restore productivity and help in containing the infection.
伊氏锥虫（Trypanosoma evansi）是一种单细胞血鞭毛原生动物，会引起牛和其他重要经济家畜的苏拉病。我们在此报告了与印度恰蒂斯加尔邦平原农业气候带牛中伊氏锥虫感染高流行率相关的流行病学变量。总共测试了 920 份血液和血清样本，采用了寄生虫学、分子和血清学诊断测试的组合。直接显微镜检查、PCR、ELISA 和 IFAT 的总体锥虫感染率分别为 4.57%（95%CI：3.22-5.92%）、6.09%（95%CI：4.54-7.63%）、63.91%（95%CI：60.81-67.01%）和 55.33%（95%CI：52.12-58.54%）。卡方检验确立了锥虫流行率与季节、品种和研究地点之间的显著相关性，而与动物的性别和年龄的相关性则不显著。患病率比的分析显示，品种、季节和研究地点与锥虫的流行率之间存在显著关联。根据 PR，夏季的患病率比冬季高 1.63 倍，雨季的患病率比冬季高 1.68 倍（参考季节）。与拉杰南德冈（Rajnandgaon）相比，所有地区的患病率都更高（参考地区）。萨希瓦尔（Sahiwal）和 HF 杂交牛的患病率比吉尔牛（Gir）高（参考）。杜尔区（Durg）苏拉病的患病率最高，差异显著。在从杜尔收集的大量血清中确定的中等 IFAT 滴度，预测该地区锥虫病的发病率更高。由于伊氏锥虫具有广泛的宿主范围，因此该研究预测恰蒂斯加尔邦州的大量牲畜面临感染伊氏锥虫的高风险。用选择性治疗药物（如二脒那嗪乙酰胺、异咪胍氯或硫酸喹吡胺和盐酸喹吡胺的组合）治疗亚临床和临床感染动物，可以帮助恢复生产力，并有助于控制感染。
