Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.
Autophagy. 2023 Jan;19(1):278-295. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2072656. Epub 2022 May 15.
The yeast PROPPIN Atg18 folds as a β-propeller with two binding sites for phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) and PtdIns(3,5)P at its circumference. Membrane insertion of an amphipathic loop of Atg18 leads to membrane tubulation and fission. Atg18 has known functions at the PAS during macroautophagy, but the functional relevance of its endosomal and vacuolar pool is not well understood. Here we show in a proximity-dependent labeling approach and by co-immunoprecipitations that Atg18 interacts with Vps35, a central component of the retromer complex. The binding of Atg18 to Vps35 is competitive with the sorting nexin dimer Vps5 and Vps17. This suggests that Atg18 within the retromer can substitute for both the phosphoinositide binding and the membrane bending capabilities of these sorting nexins. Indeed, we found that Atg18-retromer is required for PtdIns(3,5)P-dependent vacuolar fragmentation during hyperosmotic stress. The Atg18-retromer is further involved in the normal sorting of the integral membrane protein Atg9. However, PtdIns3P-dependent macroautophagy and the selective cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway are only partially affected by the Atg18-retromer. We expect that this is due to the plasticity of the different sorting pathways within the endovacuolar system. BAR: bin/amphiphysin/Rvs; FOA: 5-fluoroorotic acid; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PROPPIN: beta-propeller that binds phosphoinositides; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PX: phox homology.
酵母 PROPPIN Atg18 作为一个β-螺旋桨折叠,其圆周上有两个结合位点用于结合磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸 (PtdIns3P) 和 PtdIns(3,5)P。Atg18 的一个两亲性环的膜插入导致膜管化和裂变。Atg18 在巨自噬的 PAS 期间具有已知的功能,但它的内体和液泡池的功能相关性还不是很清楚。在这里,我们通过依赖于邻近的标记方法和共免疫沉淀实验表明,Atg18 与 Vps35 相互作用,Vps35 是逆行体复合物的核心组成部分。Atg18 与 Vps35 的结合与分选连接酶二聚体 Vps5 和 Vps17 是竞争性的。这表明,在逆行体中,Atg18 可以替代这些分选连接酶的磷酸肌醇结合和膜弯曲能力。事实上,我们发现,在高渗胁迫期间,Atg18-逆行体对于 PtdIns(3,5)P 依赖性液泡片段化是必需的。Atg18-逆行体进一步参与了完整膜蛋白 Atg9 的正常分选。然而,PtdIns3P 依赖性巨自噬和选择性细胞质到液泡靶向 (Cvt) 途径仅部分受到 Atg18-逆行体的影响。我们预计这是由于内体系统中不同分选途径的可塑性。BAR:bin/amphiphysin/Rvs;FOA:5-氟乳清酸;PAS:噬泡组装位点;PROPPIN:结合磷酸肌醇的β-螺旋桨;PtdIns3P:磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸;PX:phox 同源物。