糖尿病酮症酸中毒

Diabetic ketoacidosis.

作者信息

Calimag Angela Pauline P, Chlebek Sylvia, Lerma Edgar V, Chaiban Joumana T

机构信息

Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Christ Medical Center.

Nephrology Education Coordinator, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Advocate Christ Medical Center.

出版信息

Dis Mon. 2023 Mar;69(3):101418. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101418. Epub 2022 May 14.

DOI:10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101418

PMID:35577617

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a form of a hyperglycemic emergency mainly characterized by the triad of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and anion gap metabolic acidosis. DKA may be the initial presentation in approximately 25-40 % of patients with type 1 diabetes. It may also occur in at least 34% of patients with type 2 diabetes. DKA has economic as well as medical implications. This review aims to explore and discuss diabetic ketoacidosis, its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management, including nuances in special populations such as pediatrics, obstetrics, and patients with chronic kidney disease.

摘要

糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）是一种高血糖急症，主要特征为高血糖、酮症和阴离子间隙代谢性酸中毒三联征。在约25% - 40%的1型糖尿病患者中，DKA可能是其首发表现。它也可能发生在至少34%的2型糖尿病患者中。DKA具有经济和医学方面的影响。本综述旨在探讨和讨论糖尿病酮症酸中毒、其病理生理学、临床表现、诊断和管理，包括儿科、产科等特殊人群以及慢性肾脏病患者中的细微差别。