性染色体上基因调控的演变。

The evolution of gene regulation on sex chromosomes.

作者信息

Shaw Daniel E, White Michael A

机构信息

Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

出版信息

Trends Genet. 2022 Aug;38(8):844-855. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.04.004. Epub 2022 May 13.

DOI:10.1016/j.tig.2022.04.004

PMID:35577641

Abstract

Sex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life. Most work has focused on the loss of coding regions from sex-limited chromosomes through the accumulation of deleterious mutations. By comparison, less is known about how the regulatory landscape evolves. We review theories of how regulatory landscapes evolve on sex chromosomes and the overall impact they have on gametolog expression. We integrate empirical studies on sex chromosomes with theoretical work to synthesize how regulatory evolution could occur on sex chromosomes. Recent findings have revealed that downregulation of ancestral alleles is probably widespread on Y chromosomes and that regulatory evolution plays a key role in the evolution of sex chromosomes.

摘要

性染色体在整个生命之树上反复进化。大多数研究都集中在性限染色体因有害突变积累而导致编码区域丢失。相比之下，关于调控格局如何进化的了解较少。我们综述了性染色体上调控格局如何进化的理论以及它们对配子同源基因表达的总体影响。我们将性染色体的实证研究与理论工作相结合，以综合阐述性染色体上调控进化可能如何发生。最近的研究结果表明，祖先等位基因的下调可能在Y染色体上广泛存在，并且调控进化在性染色体的进化中起着关键作用。