Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8056, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;36(3):603-626. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.010. Epub 2022 May 13.
Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy that is frequently able to evade immune defenses. Although this may contribute to promoting and propagating cancer growth, recent advances suggest that for some tumors, particularly those with high levels of microsatellite instability and hypermutability from DNA mismatch repair defects, immunotherapy is effective to control tumor progression. Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of patients have poor antitumoral immune cell penetration and fewer molecular defects within the cancer to successfully mount an anticancer defense. Studies, primarily in early phases of investigation, are underway to evaluate new combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors, other targeted therapies, cellular therapies, and vaccines.
结直肠癌是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，通常能够逃避免疫防御。尽管这可能有助于促进和传播癌症的生长，但最近的研究进展表明，对于某些肿瘤，特别是那些由于 DNA 错配修复缺陷而具有高水平微卫星不稳定性和高突变率的肿瘤，免疫疗法是有效的，可以控制肿瘤的进展。不幸的是，绝大多数患者的抗肿瘤免疫细胞渗透能力差，癌症内的分子缺陷也较少，无法成功地进行抗癌防御。目前正在进行研究，主要是在早期研究阶段，以评估免疫检查点抑制剂、其他靶向疗法、细胞疗法和疫苗的新组合。
