The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022 Jul;63:103865. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103865. Epub 2022 May 11.
Canada is amongst the countries with the highest rates of multiple sclerosis (MS). Given cognitive deficits can occur in up to 70% of individuals with MS, there is a need for Canadian normative data that allows clinicians and researchers to evaluate cognitive impairment. Discrete and regression-based Canadian normative data for the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) was recently published. The current study sought to evaluate the discriminant and predictive ability of these norms in a Canadian MS sample.
188 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of MS and 174 matched healthy controls completed all, or some, of the MACFIMS battery.
Individuals with MS performed worse than healthy controls on most MACFIMS measures to a significant degree. Similarly, a greater frequency of impairment was also observed on each measure in the MS group. When defining global impairment as ≤ - 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on at least 2 or more tests, the MACFIMS battery identified cognitive impairment in 41.49% of the Canadian MS sample. Area under the curve analyses showed acceptable discriminatory ability for most of the measures. No difference in the sensitivity at detecting cognitive impairment was observed when comparing the discrete vs. the regression-based Canadian norms.
The MACFIMS was able to detect cognitive impairment in a Canadian MS sample and can discriminate between individuals with MS and healthy controls when using Canadian norms. The validation of these norms will allow clinicians and researchers to evaluate cognitive impairment using more culturally-appropriate comparisons for Canadians living with MS.
加拿大是多发性硬化症（MS）发病率最高的国家之一。鉴于认知缺陷可能发生在多达 70%的 MS 患者中，因此需要加拿大的规范数据，以便临床医生和研究人员评估认知障碍。最近发表了用于 MS 的认知功能最小评估（MACFIMS）的离散和基于回归的加拿大规范数据。本研究旨在评估这些规范在加拿大 MS 样本中的判别和预测能力。
188 名确诊为 MS 的患者和 174 名匹配的健康对照者完成了 MACFIMS 电池的全部或部分测试。
MS 患者在大多数 MACFIMS 测试中表现明显差于健康对照组。同样，在 MS 组的每个测试中也观察到更多的损伤频率。当将至少 2 项或更多测试的平均值的≤-1.5 标准差定义为全球损伤时，MACFIMS 电池在 41.49%的加拿大 MS 样本中识别出认知损伤。曲线下面积分析表明，大多数指标的判别能力均可以接受。在比较离散和基于回归的加拿大规范时，在检测认知损伤方面，敏感性没有差异。
MACFIMS 能够在加拿大 MS 样本中检测到认知障碍，并且可以使用加拿大规范在 MS 患者和健康对照组之间进行区分。这些规范的验证将使临床医生和研究人员能够使用更适合加拿大 MS 患者的文化相关比较来评估认知障碍。
