印度老年人水传播疾病的流行情况和预测因素：来自印度纵向老龄化研究的证据，2017-18 年。
Prevalence and predictors of water-borne diseases among elderly people in India: evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-18.
机构信息
Indian Health Action Trust, Lucknow, India.
Mamta Health Institute for Mother and Child, Delhi, India.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2022 May 17;22(1):993. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13376-6.
BACKGROUND
India suffers from a high burden of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices among human population. With age the immune system becomes complex and antibody alone does not determine susceptibility to diseases which increases the chances of waterborne disease among elderly population. Therefore the study examines the prevalence and predictors of water-borne diseases among elderly in India.
METHOD
Data for this study was collected from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017-18. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis was used in the present study to reveal the initial results. Proportion test was applied to check the significance level of prevalence of water borne diseases between urban and rural place of residence. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the outcome variable (water borne diseases) and the explanatory variables.
RESULTS
The study finds the prevalence of water borne disease among the elderly is more in the rural (22.5%) areas compared to the urban counterparts (12.2%) due to the use of unimproved water sources. The percentage of population aged 60 years and above with waterborne disease is more in the central Indian states like Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh followed by the North Indian states. Sex of the participate, educational status, work status, BMI, place of residence, type of toilet facility and water source are important determinants of water borne disease among elderly in India.
CONCLUSION
Elderly people living in the rural areas are more prone to waterborne diseases. The study also finds state wise variation in prevalence of waterborne diseases. The elderly people might not be aware of the hygiene practices which further adhere to the disease risk. Therefore, there is a need to create awareness on basic hygiene among this population for preventing such bacterial diseases.
背景
印度由于人口用水不安全、环境卫生条件差和个人卫生习惯不佳，导致腹泻和其他水传播疾病负担沉重。随着年龄的增长，免疫系统变得复杂，仅抗体并不能决定对疾病的易感性，这增加了老年人群中水传播疾病的机会。因此，本研究调查了印度老年人中水传播疾病的流行情况和预测因素。
方法
本研究的数据来自印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI），时间为 2017-18 年。本研究采用描述性统计和双变量分析来揭示初始结果。比例检验用于检查城乡居住地点之间水传播疾病的流行率的显著性水平。此外，还使用二元逻辑回归分析来估计因变量（水传播疾病）与解释变量之间的关联。
结果
研究发现，由于使用未经改良的水源，农村地区（22.5%）老年人的水传播疾病患病率高于城市地区（12.2%）。年龄在 60 岁及以上的人口中，患有水传播疾病的比例在恰蒂斯加尔邦和中央邦等印度中部邦较高，其次是北方邦。参与者的性别、教育程度、工作状况、BMI、居住地点、厕所设施类型和水源是印度老年人水传播疾病的重要决定因素。
结论
居住在农村地区的老年人更容易患上水传播疾病。本研究还发现，水传播疾病的流行情况在各邦之间存在差异。老年人可能不知道卫生习惯，这进一步增加了患病风险。因此，有必要在这一人群中开展基本卫生意识教育，以预防此类细菌性疾病。
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