英国哈巴狗的健康：疾病易感性与保护措施
Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections.
作者信息
O'Neill Dan G, Sahota Jaya, Brodbelt Dave C, Church David B, Packer Rowena M A, Pegram Camilla
机构信息
Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK.
Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK.
出版信息
Canine Med Genet. 2022 May 18;9(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6.
BACKGROUND
Pugs are a brachycephalic dog breed that has become phenomenally popular over recent decades. However, there is growing concern about serious health and welfare issues in the breed. To augment the evidence-base on the comparative health of Pugs, this study aimed to compare the odds of common disorders between Pugs and all remaining dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2016. A cross-sectional study design of VetCompass clinical records was used to estimate the one-year (2016) period prevalence for the disorders most commonly diagnosed in Pugs and non-Pugs. Risk factor analysis applied multivariable logistic regression modelling methods to compare the odds of 40 common disorders between Pugs and non-Pugs.
RESULTS
From a study population of 905,544 dogs, the analysis included random samples of 4308 Pugs and 21,835 non-Pugs. Pugs were younger (2.36 years, range 0.07-16.24 vs 4.44 years, range 0.01-20.46, p < 0.001) and lighter (8.95 kg, range 5.00-13.60 vs. 14.07 kg, range 1.41-85.00, p < 0.001) than non-Pugs. Pugs had 1.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72 to 2.01) times the adjusted odds of diagnosis with ≥1 disorder than non-Pugs. Pugs had significantly increased adjusted odds for 23/40 (57.5%) common disorders. These included: brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 53.92; 95% CI 36.22 to 80.28), stenotic nares (OR 51.25; 95% CI 24.93 to 105.37) and corneal ulceration (OR 13.01; 95% CI 10.50 to 16.11). Conversely, Pugs had significantly reduced adjusted odds of 7/40 (17.5%) common disorders compared to non-Pugs. These included: heart murmur (OR 0.23; 95% 0.13 to 0.14), lipoma (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.55) and aggression (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.47).
CONCLUSIONS
The current study highlights that predispositions outnumber protections between Pugs and non-Pugs for common disorders, suggesting some critical health welfare challenges to overcome for Pugs. Highly differing heath profiles between Pugs and other dogs in the UK suggest that the Pug has diverged substantially from mainstream dog breeds and can no longer be considered as a typical dog from a health perspective.
背景
哈巴狗是一种短头犬品种，在近几十年里变得非常受欢迎。然而，人们越来越担心该品种存在严重的健康和福利问题。为了增加关于哈巴狗相对健康状况的证据基础，本研究旨在比较2016年英国初级兽医护理下哈巴狗与所有其他犬类患常见疾病的几率。采用VetCompass临床记录的横断面研究设计，以估计哈巴狗和非哈巴狗中最常诊断出的疾病的一年（2016年）期间患病率。风险因素分析应用多变量逻辑回归建模方法，比较哈巴狗和非哈巴狗患40种常见疾病的几率。
结果
在905,544只犬的研究群体中，分析包括4308只哈巴狗和21,835只非哈巴狗的随机样本。哈巴狗比非哈巴狗更年轻（2.36岁，范围0.07 - 16.24岁，而非4.44岁，范围0.01 - 20.46岁，p < 0.001）且体重更轻（8.95千克，范围5.00 - 13.60千克，而非14.07千克，范围1.41 - 85.00千克，p < 0.001）。哈巴狗被诊断患有≥1种疾病的调整后几率是非哈巴狗的1.86倍（95%置信区间[CI] 1.72至2.01）。哈巴狗患40种常见疾病中的23种（57.5%）的调整后几率显著增加。这些疾病包括：短头阻塞性气道综合征（优势比[OR] 53.92；95% CI 36.22至80.28）、鼻孔狭窄（OR 51.25；95% CI 24.93至105.37）和角膜溃疡（OR 13.01；95% CI 10.50至16.11）。相反，与非哈巴狗相比，哈巴狗患40种常见疾病中的7种（17.5%）的调整后几率显著降低。这些疾病包括：心脏杂音（OR 0.23；95% 0.13至0.14）、脂肪瘤（OR 0.24；95% CI 0.11至0.55）和攻击性（OR 0.31；95% CI 0.21至0.47）。
结论
当前研究强调，在常见疾病方面，哈巴狗易患疾病的情况多于非哈巴狗的保护因素，这表明哈巴狗面临一些关键的健康福利挑战需要克服。英国哈巴狗与其他犬类在健康状况上存在很大差异表明，从健康角度来看，哈巴狗已与主流犬种有很大不同，不能再被视为典型犬类。
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