O'Neill Dan G, Mustikka Minna P, Brodbelt Dave C, Church David B, Vaattovaara Vilma
Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts, United Kingdom.
Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 30;20(6):e0326526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0326526. eCollection 2025.
Natural eyelid conformation is essential for normal function and health of the ocular surface. However, many modern dog types are deliberately bred for abnormal eyelid conformation associated with severe health and welfare issues. This study aimed to report the prevalence, demographic risk factors and clinical management under primary veterinary care for conformational eyelid disorders in dogs.
The study explored the anonymised clinical records of all dogs under UK primary veterinary care within the VetCompass Programme during 2019. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling.
From 2,250,417 dogs under primary veterinary care in 2019, the analysis included a random sample of 3,029 confirmed conformational eyelid disorder cases that included 2,752 (90.86%) entropion and 344 (11.36%) ectropion cases. After accounting for the subsampling process, the annual prevalence for overall conformational eyelid disorder in dogs was 0.36% (95% CI: 0.35-0.37). The annual prevalence for entropion in dogs overall was 0.33% (95% CI: 0.32-0.34). Breeds with highest annual prevalence for entropion were Shar-Pei (15.41%, 95% CI 14.00-16.91), Chow Chow (9.28%, 95% CI 7.64-11.14) and Neapolitan Mastiff (6.88%, 95% CI 3.02-13.14). The estimated annual prevalence for ectropion in dogs overall was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.04-0.05). Breeds with the highest annual prevalence for ectropion were Neapolitan Mastiff (4.30%, 95% CI 1.41-9.77), Saint Bernard (1.72%, 95% CI 0.86-3.05) and Basset Hound (1.59%, 95% CI 0.94-2.49). Surgical management was carried out for 414/2275 (18.20%) of the incident (2019) entropion cases and 12/305 (3.93%) of the incident (2019) ectropion cases.
Normalisation of conformation-related health issues in certain high profile dog breeds have been discussed as a canine welfare priority for over half a century. The current results suggest that substantial work remains to be done to ensure good innate health for all dogs.
自然的眼睑形态对于眼表的正常功能和健康至关重要。然而，许多现代犬种因与严重健康和福利问题相关的异常眼睑形态而被刻意培育。本研究旨在报告犬类眼睑形态异常在初级兽医护理下的患病率、人口统计学风险因素及临床管理情况。
该研究探讨了2019年兽医综合数据计划中英国初级兽医护理下所有犬只的匿名临床记录。风险因素分析采用多变量逻辑回归模型。
在2019年接受初级兽医护理的2,250,417只犬中，分析包括3,029例确诊的眼睑形态异常病例的随机样本，其中包括2,752例（90.86%）睑内翻和344例（11.36%）睑外翻病例。在考虑抽样过程后，犬类总体眼睑形态异常的年患病率为0.36%（95%置信区间：0.35 - 0.37）。犬类总体睑内翻的年患病率为0.33%（95%置信区间：0.32 - 0.34）。睑内翻年患病率最高的犬种是沙皮犬（15.41%，95%置信区间14.00 - 16.91）、松狮犬（9.28%，95%置信区间7.64 - 11.14）和那不勒斯獒犬（6.88%，95%置信区间3.02 - 13.14）。犬类总体睑外翻的估计年患病率为0.04%（95%置信区间：0.04 - 0.05）。睑外翻年患病率最高的犬种是那不勒斯獒犬（4.30%，95%置信区间1.41 - 9.77）、圣伯纳犬（1.72%，95%置信区间0.86 - 3.05）和巴吉度猎犬（1.59%，95%置信区间0.94 - 2.49）。对2019年新发睑内翻病例中的414/2275（18.20%）和2019年新发睑外翻病例中的12/305（3.93%）进行了手术治疗。
半个多世纪以来，某些知名犬种与形态相关的健康问题的规范化一直被视为犬类福利的优先事项。目前的结果表明，要确保所有犬只拥有良好的先天健康，仍有大量工作要做。
