Gurzu Simona, Burlacu Diana, Jung Ioan
Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania.
Research Center of Oncopathology and Transdisciplinary Research (CCOMT), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania.
J Oncol. 2022 May 9;2022:6983460. doi: 10.1155/2022/6983460. eCollection 2022.
To perform the first systematic report about histological subtypes of nonpolypous hamartomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from esophagus to anal canal.
From over 19,000 studies about hamartomas, most of them published as case series or case presentations, we have selected the most representative ones for the GI tract, excluding polyposis syndromes. To have a whole picture of these hamartomas, all of the data were combined with the personal experience of the authors who are GI pathologists.
The examined articles showed predominance of vascular and combined vascular and mesenchymal hamartomas. Arteriovenous hamartomas or Brunner gland hamartomas are mainly diagnosed in the small intestine, with preponderance for duodenum. Other malformations such cavernous hamartomas are more specific for the colorectal segments, whereas chondromatous hamartomas or those derived from the neural ectoderm were mostly reported in the esophagus. As newly recognized entities were admitted in the last years, misdiagnosis is frequent, and the best therapeutic approach is far to be known.
Even rare, hamartomas of the GI tract need to be differentiated from tumors and familial polyposis syndromes. Knowing their proper denominations and possible complications is valuable for gastroenterologists, pathologists, and surgeons, to be aware in the differential diagnosis.
对从食管至肛管的胃肠道非息肉性错构瘤的组织学亚型进行首次系统性报告。
从19000多项关于错构瘤的研究中，我们挑选了胃肠道最具代表性的研究（排除息肉病综合征），其中大部分研究以病例系列或病例报告的形式发表。为全面了解这些错构瘤，所有数据均结合了胃肠道病理学家作者的个人经验。
所审查的文章显示血管性错构瘤以及血管性与间叶性混合错构瘤占主导地位。动静脉错构瘤或布伦纳腺错构瘤主要在小肠诊断出来，以十二指肠最为常见。其他畸形，如海绵状错构瘤，在结直肠段更为特异，而软骨瘤性错构瘤或源自神经外胚层的错构瘤大多在食管中报道。由于近年来新认识到一些病例，误诊很常见，且最佳治疗方法尚不清楚。
即使胃肠道错构瘤罕见，但仍需与肿瘤和家族性息肉病综合征相鉴别。了解其确切名称和可能的并发症，对胃肠病学家、病理学家和外科医生在鉴别诊断时很有价值。
