Rodriguez Cristelle, Montandon Marie-Louise, Herrmann François R, Pegna Alan J, Giannakopoulos Panteleimon
Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 2;13:883929. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883929. eCollection 2022.
Previous studies using the dot-perspective task postulated that people automatically take into account others' perspective even when it prevents them from achieving their own goals. This human ability may be of key importance for the ascription of mental states and social interactions. The cognitive and emotional determinants of automatic perspective taking (APT) is still matter of debate. To address this issue, we examined the performance in the Samson et al. APT task in 91 healthy adults who underwent a detailed neuropsychological testing including assessment of their general intelligence (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, WAIS), attention and impulsivity (Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II, CPT-II), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS), and measures of affective empathy and explicit theory of mind (Geneva Social Cognition Scale, GeSoCS, and mini-Social cognition and Emotional Assessment, mini-SEA). Univariate and multiple linear regression models (adjusted for age, gender, and education) were used to explore the association between mean reaction times (respectively, mean number of errors) in the APT task, and the CPT-II parameters, WAIS global score (as well as subscale scores), TAS, and GeSoCS and mini-SEA scores. Only the CPT-II parameters were significantly associated with the mean reaction times. Increased omissions, commissions, and detectability as well as hit reaction time standard error in CPT-II were all related to worse performances both in Self and Other conditions. The mean number of errors was negatively associated with the GeSoCS score. Among the variables studied, only CPT-II parameters had a significant impact on egocentric and altercentric interference. Neither global intelligence nor alexithymia have an effect on dot-perspective task performance. The present findings suggest that people with lower attentional resources and increased impulsivity display worse performances in the APT task and are less responsive to both egocentric and altercentric interference.
以往使用点视角任务的研究推测，即使这样做会妨碍自己实现目标，人们也会自动考虑他人的视角。这种人类能力对于心理状态的归因和社会互动可能至关重要。自动采择视角（APT）的认知和情感决定因素仍是一个有争议的问题。为了解决这个问题，我们对91名健康成年人在参孙等人的APT任务中的表现进行了研究，这些成年人接受了详细的神经心理学测试，包括对他们的一般智力（韦氏成人智力量表，WAIS）、注意力和冲动性（康纳斯连续操作测验-II，CPT-II）、述情障碍（多伦多述情障碍量表，TAS）以及情感共情和显性心理理论测量（日内瓦社会认知量表，GeSoCS，以及迷你社会认知与情感评估，mini-SEA）。使用单变量和多元线性回归模型（对年龄、性别和教育程度进行了调整）来探讨APT任务中的平均反应时间（分别为平均错误数）与CPT-II参数、WAIS总分（以及分量表分数）、TAS以及GeSoCS和mini-SEA分数之间的关联。只有CPT-II参数与平均反应时间显著相关。CPT-II中遗漏、错误及可检测性的增加以及命中反应时间标准误差均与自我和他人条件下的较差表现相关。错误平均数与GeSoCS分数呈负相关。在所研究的变量中，只有CPT-II参数对自我中心和他人中心干扰有显著影响。整体智力和述情障碍对点视角任务表现均无影响。目前的研究结果表明，注意力资源较少且冲动性增加的人在APT任务中的表现较差，并且对自我中心和他人中心干扰的反应较弱。
