Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Endocrinology. 2022 Jul 1;163(7). doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqac075.
Differentiated thyroid cancer and breast cancer account for a significant portion of endocrine-related malignancies and predominately affect women. As hormonally responsive tissues, the breast and thyroid share endocrine signaling. Breast cells are responsive to thyroid hormone signaling and are affected by altered thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid cells are responsive to sex hormones, particularly estrogen, and undergo protumorigenic processes upon estrogen stimulation. Thyroid and sex hormones also display significant transcriptional crosstalk that influences oncogenesis and treatment sensitivity. Obesity-related adipocyte alterations-adipocyte estrogen production, inflammation, feeding hormone dysregulation, and metabolic syndromes-promote hormonal alterations in breast and thyroid tissues. Environmental toxicants disrupt endocrine systems, including breast and thyroid homeostasis, and influence pathologic processes in both organs through hormone mimetic action. In this brief review, we discuss the hormonal connections between the breast and thyroid and perspectives on hormonal therapies for breast and thyroid cancer. Future research efforts should acknowledge and further explore the hormonal crosstalk of these tissues in an effort to further understand the prevalence of thyroid and breast cancer in women and to identify potential therapeutic options.
分化型甲状腺癌和乳腺癌在与内分泌相关的恶性肿瘤中占很大比例，主要影响女性。作为激素反应性组织，乳房和甲状腺具有共同的内分泌信号。乳腺细胞对甲状腺激素信号有反应，并受甲状腺激素水平改变的影响。甲状腺细胞对性激素，特别是雌激素有反应，在雌激素刺激下发生促肿瘤发生过程。甲状腺和性激素之间也存在显著的转录交叉对话，影响着肿瘤发生和治疗敏感性。肥胖相关的脂肪细胞改变——脂肪细胞产生雌激素、炎症、摄食激素失调和代谢综合征——促进乳腺和甲状腺组织的激素改变。环境毒物会破坏包括乳腺和甲状腺在内的内分泌系统的平衡，并通过激素模拟作用影响这两个器官的病理过程。在这篇简短的综述中，我们讨论了乳腺和甲状腺之间的激素联系，以及对乳腺和甲状腺癌激素治疗的看法。未来的研究工作应该认识到并进一步探索这些组织之间的激素相互作用，以进一步了解女性中甲状腺和乳腺癌的普遍存在，并确定潜在的治疗选择。
