School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
Waste Manag. 2022 Jun 1;146:94-105. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.003. Epub 2022 May 16.
Waste paper (WP) is rich in cellulose, which can be activated to produce porous carbon, bio-oil, and combustible gases. During chemical activation of WP, the use of varied chemical agents not only generates activated carbon of distinct pore structure but also bio-oil/gases of different property. In this study, the activation of WP with varied chemical agents was conducted. The distinct characteristics of activated carbon and also bio-oil/gases were correlated with the different nature of the used chemical agents. The results indicated that HPO and ZnCl catalyzed polymerization reactions for producing more bio-oil while less gases owing to their Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites. KCO showed high activity for cracking/gasification reactions, forming bio-oil with higher abundance of organics with smaller π-conjugated structures. In addition, ZnCl could create a very coarse porous structure with abundant macropores via destroying fiber structure in WP and promoting the growth of graphitic crystals. In comparison, KCO hindered the aromatization and facilitated the formation of amorphous activated carbon. KCO and ZnCl were much more effective than HPO for creating micropores and mesopores from WP, the derived activated carbon showed superior performances as the electrode of supercapacitor and adsorbent for adsorption of oxytetracycline from aqueous solution. In addition, KCO as activating agent showed lower environmental impact than ZnCl in terms of energy consumption, environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect.
废纸（WP）富含纤维素，可经活化处理生成多孔碳、生物油和可燃气体。在 WP 的化学活化过程中，不同化学试剂的使用不仅生成了具有不同孔结构的活性炭，而且生成了具有不同性质的生物油/气体。本研究对 WP 进行了不同化学试剂的活化处理，研究表明，活性炭和生物油/气体的显著特性与所使用化学试剂的不同性质相关联。活化试剂 HPO 和 ZnCl 具有 Brønsted 和 Lewis 酸性位，促进了聚合反应，从而产生了更多的生物油和更少的气体。KCO 对裂解/气化反应具有高活性，形成的生物油中具有更多的有机物质，其π共轭结构较小。此外，ZnCl 通过破坏 WP 中的纤维结构并促进石墨晶体的生长，可形成具有丰富大孔的非常粗糙的多孔结构。相比之下，KCO 阻碍了芳构化并促进了无定形活性炭的形成。与 HPO 相比，KCO 和 ZnCl 更有效地从 WP 中生成微孔和介孔，所得活性炭作为超级电容器的电极和水溶液中四环素的吸附剂具有优越的性能。此外，KCO 作为活化剂在能耗、环境污染和温室效应方面对环境的影响低于 ZnCl。
