[Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis with Poor Recovery on Steroid Pulse and IVIg: Second-Line Immunotherapies and Prediction of Prognosis].

Most patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis improve slowly with first-line immunotherapies (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, or plasma exchange) and, if necessary, tumor removal. However, the remaining refractory patients require second-line immunotherapies, such as rituximab or cyclophosphamide. We discuss the identification of patients who should receive second-line immunotherapies and the timing of the transition to these immunotherapies based on a review of the literature and our treatment experience.