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剪接因子 1-FLOWERING LOCUS M 模块通过调节 FLOWERING LOCUS T 和 LEAFY 的表达来空间调节温度依赖性开花。

The splicing factor 1-FLOWERING LOCUS M module spatially regulates temperature-dependent flowering by modulating FLOWERING LOCUS T and LEAFY expression.

机构信息

Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.

Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.

出版信息

Plant Cell Rep. 2022 Jul;41(7):1603-1612. doi: 10.1007/s00299-022-02881-y. Epub 2022 May 19.

Abstract

The AtSF1-FLM module spatially controls temperature-dependent flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT and LFY in the leaf and shoot apex, respectively. Alternative splicing mediated by various splicing factors is important for the regulation of plant growth and development. Our recent reports have shown that a temperature-dependent interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana splicing factor 1 (AtSF1) and FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) pre-mRNA introns controls the differential production of FLM-β transcripts at different temperatures, eventually resulting in temperature-responsive flowering. However, the molecular and genetic interactions between the AtSF1-FLM module and floral activator genes remain unknown. Here, we aimed to identify the interactions among AtSF1, FLM, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and LEAFY (LFY) by performing molecular and genetic analyses. FT and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) expression in atsf1-2 mutants significantly increased in the morning and middle of the night at 16 and 23 °C, respectively, under long-day conditions. In addition, ft mutation suppressed the early flowering of atsf1-2 and atsf1-2 flm-3 mutants and masked the temperature response of atsf1-2 flm-3 mutants, suggesting that FT is a downstream target gene of the AtSF1-FLM module. LFY expression significantly increased in the diurnal samples of atsf1-2 mutants and in the shoot apex regions of atsf1-2 ft-10 mutants at different temperatures. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that FLM directly binds to the genomic regions of LFY but not of APETALA1 (AP1). Moreover, lfy mutation suppressed the early flowering of flm-3 mutants, suggesting that LFY is another target of the AtSF1-FLM module. Our results reveal that the AtSF1-FLM module spatially modulates temperature-dependent flowering by regulating FT and LFY expressions.

摘要

AtSF1-FLM 模块通过分别负调控叶和茎尖中 FT 和 LFY 的表达来空间控制温度依赖性开花。各种剪接因子介导的选择性剪接对于植物生长和发育的调控很重要。我们最近的报告表明,拟南芥剪接因子 1(AtSF1)和开花位点 M(FLM)前体 mRNA 内含子之间的温度依赖性相互作用控制了 FLM-β 转录本在不同温度下的差异产生,最终导致对温度有反应的开花。然而,AtSF1-FLM 模块与花激活基因之间的分子和遗传相互作用仍然未知。在这里,我们旨在通过进行分子和遗传分析来鉴定 AtSF1、FLM、FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)和 LEAFY(LFY)之间的相互作用。在长日照条件下,16 和 23°C 时,atsf1-2 突变体中 FT 和 TWIN SISTER OF FT(TSF)的表达在早晨和午夜时分显著增加。此外,ft 突变抑制了 atsf1-2 和 atsf1-2 flm-3 突变体的早期开花,并掩盖了 atsf1-2 flm-3 突变体的温度响应,表明 FT 是 AtSF1-FLM 模块的下游靶基因。在 atsf1-2 突变体的昼夜样本和不同温度下 atsf1-2 ft-10 突变体的茎尖区域,LFY 的表达显著增加。染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)分析表明,FLM 直接结合 LFY 的基因组区域,但不结合 APETALA1(AP1)的基因组区域。此外,lfy 突变抑制了 flm-3 突变体的早期开花,表明 LFY 是 AtSF1-FLM 模块的另一个靶基因。我们的结果表明,AtSF1-FLM 模块通过调节 FT 和 LFY 的表达来空间调节温度依赖性开花。

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