Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Curr Drug Targets. 2022;23(11):1072-1084. doi: 10.2174/1389450123666220421124542.
The efficacy of the cancer vaccine is influenced by several factors, but one of the most important is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which can attenuate treatment effects. The combination of therapeutic cancer vaccines with other immunotherapies or conventional therapeutic approaches can promote vaccine efficacy by increasing immune surveillance and tumor immunogenicity and modulating immune escape in the tumor microenvironment. Inhibitory checkpoints have a significant role in the modulation of anticancer immune responses, and according to preclinical and clinical trials, administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with cancer vaccines can markedly improve their therapeutic effects, considering their low clinical efficacy. In addition, these combinatorial therapies have acceptable safety and minimal additional toxicity compared to single-agent cancer vaccines or ICIs. In this review, based on the results of previous studies, we introduce and discuss treatments that can be combined with therapeutic cancer vaccines to improve their potency. Our major focus is on checkpoint blockade therapies, which are the most well-known and applicable immunotherapies.
癌症疫苗的疗效受多种因素影响，但其中最重要的因素之一是免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境，它会减弱治疗效果。将治疗性癌症疫苗与其他免疫疗法或常规治疗方法相结合，可以通过增加免疫监视和肿瘤免疫原性以及调节肿瘤微环境中的免疫逃逸来提高疫苗的疗效。抑制性检查点在调节抗肿瘤免疫反应中具有重要作用，根据临床前和临床试验，免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 与癌症疫苗联合使用可以显著提高其治疗效果，因为它们的临床疗效较低。此外，与单一药物的癌症疫苗或 ICI 相比，这些联合疗法具有可接受的安全性和最小的附加毒性。在这篇综述中，根据之前的研究结果，我们介绍和讨论了可以与治疗性癌症疫苗联合使用以提高其效力的治疗方法。我们的重点主要是检查点阻断疗法，这是最知名和适用的免疫疗法。
