Accounting Faculty, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Xingtai, 054000, Hebei, China.
School of Business and Economics, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(47):70950-70961. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20781-2. Epub 2022 May 20.
This research aims to investigate the effect of foreign direct investment on carbon emissions through the panel ARDL method using annual data for the 1990-2016 period for the newly industrialized countries (NICs), including China, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, India, and Brazil. The stationarity of the series was obtained through LLC, IPS, and Fisher ADF panel unit root tests, the cointegration relationship with the panel ARDL-PMG approach, and the causality relationship with Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) tests. As a result of the long-term analysis, the foreign direct investment, energy consumption, and trade openness have a positive and significant impact on carbon emissions, whereas economic growth has a negative and significant impact on carbon emissions. The result shows that a percent increase in foreign direct investment increases carbon emissions by 0.03%. As a result of the short-term analysis, it was seen that the coefficient of the error correction term (ECT) was negative and statistically significant. According to DH panel causality test results, there exists a bidirectional causality relationship among energy consumption and carbon emissions, and a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth and trade openness to carbon emissions and from carbon emissions to foreign direct investment. As policy implication, in industrialized countries especially China and India, there is a greater need to invest in green energy consumption at a larger scale to achieve future sustainable development goals.
本研究旨在通过面板 ARDL 方法，利用 1990-2016 年期间新兴工业化国家（NICs）包括中国、马来西亚、墨西哥、菲律宾、泰国、土耳其、印度和巴西的年度数据，研究外国直接投资对碳排放的影响。通过 LLC、IPS 和 Fisher ADF 面板单位根检验，获得了序列的平稳性，通过面板 ARDL-PMG 方法获得了协整关系，并通过 Dumitrescu 和 Hurlin（DH）检验获得了因果关系。长期分析结果表明，外国直接投资、能源消费和贸易开放度对碳排放有正向且显著的影响，而经济增长对碳排放有负向且显著的影响。结果表明，外国直接投资增加 1%会导致碳排放增加 0.03%。短期分析结果表明，误差修正项（ECT）的系数为负且在统计上显著。根据 DH 面板因果关系检验结果，能源消费和碳排放之间存在双向因果关系，经济增长和贸易开放度对碳排放以及碳排放对外国直接投资存在单向因果关系。作为政策含义，在工业化国家，特别是中国和印度，更需要大规模投资绿色能源消费，以实现未来的可持续发展目标。
