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鉴定南非约翰内斯堡具有法医学意义的城市拾荒者。

Identifying forensically relevant urban scavengers in Johannesburg, South Africa.

机构信息

Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.

出版信息

Sci Justice. 2022 May;62(3):399-409. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.04.007. Epub 2022 Apr 16.

Abstract

Unidentified human remains are frequently recovered in urban environments in South Africa, which undergo forensic (medico-legal) investigations. These remains often exhibit animal scavenging modifications and are frequently scattered by animals. This impacts the collection and forensic analysis of the remains. This study aimed to identify scavenging animals present in two urban environments in Johannesburg, South Africa, and describe their scavenging and scattering behaviours. Six pig carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus) (30-80 kg) were placed in a veldt in Johannesburg and in an abandoned building complex. Motion-activated cameras recorded the scavenging activities. Scavenger species were identified and their behaviours, scattering pattern, and scavenging bone modifications were described. Slender mongooses (Galerella sanguinea) were the most prolific veldt scavengers. They scattered remains to a maximum distance of 10.5 m in two directions: north and southeast. These mongooses scavenged during the advanced and dry decomposition stages. Gnawing on the angle of the mandible - with multiple parallel scores on the flat surfaces and the angle margin having a stepped appearance - may be a distinguishing scavenging modification feature of the slender mongoose. Hadeda ibis (Bostrychia hagedash) were the only scavengers recorded scavenging on the intestines of a pig carcass in the abandoned building complex. They favoured colonizing insects and created multiple, large holes in the skin and removed the lips to access the insects. The described scavenging behaviours will assist in the reconstruction of postmortem events in forensic cases and the location and collection of scattered remains in Southern Africa.

摘要

在南非的城市环境中经常发现无人认领的人类遗骸,并对其进行法医(医学法律)调查。这些遗骸通常表现出动物食腐的变化,并且经常被动物散布。这会影响遗骸的收集和法医分析。本研究旨在确定在南非约翰内斯堡的两个城市环境中存在的食腐动物,并描述它们的食腐和散布行为。将六具猪尸体(Sus scrofa domesticus)(30-80 公斤)放置在约翰内斯堡的荒野和废弃的建筑群中。运动激活的摄像机记录了食腐动物的活动。识别出食腐动物种类,并描述了它们的行为、散布模式和食腐骨的变化。细长的猫鼬(Galerella sanguinea)是最活跃的荒野食腐动物。它们将遗骸散布到 10.5 米的两个方向:北和东南。这些猫鼬在晚期和干燥分解阶段进行食腐。咬下颌的角度-在平面上有多个平行的划痕,角度边缘有阶梯状外观-可能是细长猫鼬的一个独特的食腐变化特征。在废弃的建筑群中,只有秃鹰(Bostrychia hagedash)记录到在猪尸体的肠子上进行食腐。它们喜欢以昆虫为食,并在皮肤上造成多个大洞,去除嘴唇以获取昆虫。描述的食腐行为将有助于在法医学案例中重建死后事件,并在南非南部定位和收集散布的遗骸。

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