Kowalski Katie L, Connelly Denise M, Jakobi Jennifer M, Sadi Jackie
School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Shoulder Elbow. 2022 Jun;14(3):326-340. doi: 10.1177/17585732211019373. Epub 2021 Jun 6.
Push-ups (PU) are a common closed chain exercise used to enhance shoulder girdle stability, with variations that alter the difficulty or target specific muscles. To appropriately select and prescribe PU exercises, an understanding of muscle activity during variations of the PU is needed. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify common PU variations and describe their muscle activation levels.
Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus for articles published between January 2000 and November 2019.
Three hundred three articles were screened for eligibility with 30 articles included in the analysis. Six PU types and five muscles met the criteria for analysis. Weighted mean electromyography (EMG) amplitude was calculated for each muscle across PU types and for each PU type as a measure of global muscle activity. Triceps and pectoralis major had the highest EMG amplitude during unstable, suspension, incline with hands on a ball and the standard PU. Serratus anterior had the highest EMG amplitude during PU plus and incline PU. The greatest global EMG amplitude occurred during unstable surface PU.
These results provide clinicians with a framework for prescribing PU to target specific muscles and scale exercise difficulty to facilitate rehabilitation outcomes.
俯卧撑（PU）是一种常见的闭链运动，用于增强肩胛带稳定性，其变式可改变难度或针对特定肌肉。为了合理选择和规定俯卧撑练习，需要了解俯卧撑变式过程中的肌肉活动情况。本范围综述的目的是确定常见的俯卧撑变式并描述其肌肉激活水平。
检索的数据库包括PubMed、CINAHL、Scopus和SPORTDiscus，检索2000年1月至2019年11月发表的文章。
筛选了303篇文章以确定其是否符合纳入标准，其中30篇文章纳入分析。六种俯卧撑类型和五块肌肉符合分析标准。计算了每种俯卧撑类型中各肌肉以及每种俯卧撑类型的加权平均肌电图（EMG）幅度，作为整体肌肉活动的指标。在不稳定、悬吊、双手放在球上的斜卧和标准俯卧撑过程中，肱三头肌和胸大肌的EMG幅度最高。在加式俯卧撑和斜卧俯卧撑过程中，前锯肌的EMG幅度最高。最大的整体EMG幅度出现在不稳定表面俯卧撑过程中。
这些结果为临床医生提供了一个框架，以便规定针对特定肌肉的俯卧撑练习并调整运动难度，从而促进康复效果。
