Matta Gagan, Kumar Pamposh, Uniyal D P, Joshi Divya U
Hydrological Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India.
National Council for Science and Technology Communication, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi 110016, India.
ACS ES T Water. 2022 May 13;2(5):667-689. doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00366. Epub 2022 May 4.
WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) has become the most crucial amenity in the past decade for every individual on the planet. In the UN agenda for 2030, which created 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDGs 3, 4, and 6 directly correlate with WASH practices and management for creating a good health hygiene environment for all. The dearth of WASH facilities has created barriers for averting the transmission of COVID-19, motivating the concept of WASH as the primary step of precaution and prevention, which includes WASH practices, communication for literacy, and positive behavioral changes primarily in developing and low-income countries. This Review deals with the complex concept of correlation of WASH and SDGs 3, 4, and 6 while defining elaborate WASH practices, including the prominence of clean water, the need for sanitation facilities, and health hygiene for good health and immunity for preparedness for and during epidemics and pandemics. Certain risk factors explain the sectors in which the gaps exist, creating a gap for implementation of WASH practices in epidemics and pandemics across the globe. Further, COVID-19 surge succession is presented along with data of different variants that have occurred. The need of WASH understanding is required using different tools (audio-visual, social media, print media, and mass media) and strategies (communication, advocacy, and positive behavioral changes) for every individual as an act to counter consequences during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and as a routine practice for future preparedness. This Review gives a detailed concept of WASH understanding for every sector from community to government agencies and research professionals to act immediately for the sustainable future of humanity.
在过去十年里，水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）已成为地球上每个人最为关键的生活便利设施。在联合国2030年议程中设定了17个可持续发展目标（SDG），其中目标3、4和6与水、环境卫生和个人卫生的实践及管理直接相关，旨在为所有人营造良好的健康卫生环境。水、环境卫生和个人卫生设施的匮乏为预防新冠病毒传播设置了障碍，这促使人们将水、环境卫生和个人卫生视为预防的首要步骤，其中包括水、环境卫生和个人卫生实践、扫盲宣传以及主要在发展中国家和低收入国家实现积极的行为改变。本综述探讨了水、环境卫生和个人卫生与可持续发展目标3、4和6之间的复杂关联概念，同时详细定义了水、环境卫生和个人卫生实践，包括清洁水的重要性、卫生设施的需求以及为保持健康和免疫力以便在流行病和大流行期间及应对其做好准备所需的健康卫生。某些风险因素解释了存在差距的领域，这在全球范围内的流行病和大流行期间实施水、环境卫生和个人卫生实践方面造成了差距。此外，还呈现了新冠病毒感染激增的连续情况以及出现的不同变种的数据。需要通过不同工具（视听、社交媒体、印刷媒体和大众媒体）和策略（宣传、倡导和积极的行为改变），让每个人都理解水、环境卫生和个人卫生，以此作为应对新冠疫情期间及之后后果的行动，并作为未来防范的常规做法。本综述为从社区到政府机构以及研究专业人员的各个部门详细阐述了对水、环境卫生和个人卫生的理解，以便立即采取行动，实现人类的可持续未来。
