van Hees Hubèrt M J, Ballari Sebastián A, Dieste-Pérez Lucía, Carpinetti Bruno N, Janssens Geert P J
Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2023 Mar;107(2):529-540. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13726. Epub 2022 May 23.
Evaluation of the diet of the pig (Sus scrofa) in natural settings may provide new views on diet optimization for growth and development of commercially raised piglets under farm conditions. A field study was conducted to gain insight in the diet and stomach characteristics of feral piglets. Forty animals (body weight: 4.6 ± 1.37 kg) were collected from the Bahía Samborombón (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Stomachs were weighed after storage in formalin and the particle size distribution of their contents was determined by wet sieving. Diet items present in their stomachs were classified and their proportional weight and relative abundance was calculated. Based on their dentition, 5, 16 and 19 piglets were approximately 1, 3-6 and 6-16 weeks of age respectively. Vegetable matter (mainly 'leaves and stems') was predominantly present in 39 animals. It represented on average 83 ± 36.4% of total stomach contents by weight. The stomachs of 12 piglets contained curd and represented on average 16 ± 35.1% by weight. Other diet items were less abundant or absent. The proportion of stomach particles retained were 24%, 13%, 22%, 13% and 28% for sieves with mesh sizes of 2000, 1000, 420, 210 and <210 µm respectively. For comparison, we used data of farmed piglets of similar age and fed a nutrient-dense, finely ground diet. Feral piglets' relative empty stomach weights increased with age (p < 0.050), whereas this was not the case for farmed piglets. Relative stomach contents weight increased significantly with age only for farmed piglets (p < 0.050). We infer from our data that feral suckling piglets consumed a variety of non-milk items, mainly consisting of vegetable material with a coarse particle size from their first week in life onwards. Their diet is associated with an enhanced stomach development compared to those of farmed piglets.
对自然环境中猪（野猪）的饮食进行评估，可能会为优化农场条件下商业养殖仔猪的生长发育饮食提供新的见解。进行了一项实地研究，以深入了解野生仔猪的饮食和胃部特征。从巴伊亚桑博罗蒙（阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯）收集了40只动物（体重：4.6±1.37千克）。将胃保存在福尔马林中后称重，并通过湿筛法测定其内容物的粒度分布。对胃中存在的食物项目进行分类，并计算其比例重量和相对丰度。根据它们的齿列，5只、16只和19只仔猪分别约为1周、3 - 6周和6 - 16周龄。39只动物的胃中主要存在植物性物质（主要是“叶子和茎”）。按重量计算，它平均占胃内容物总量的83±36.4%。12只仔猪的胃中含有凝乳，平均占重量的16±35.1%。其他食物项目较少或不存在。对于筛孔尺寸为2000、1000、420、210和<210微米的筛子，保留的胃颗粒比例分别为24%、13%、22%、13%和28%。作为比较，我们使用了年龄相似且喂食营养密集、精细研磨饲料的养殖仔猪的数据。野生仔猪的相对空腹胃重量随年龄增加（p<0.050），而养殖仔猪则不然。仅养殖仔猪的相对胃内容物重量随年龄显著增加（p<0.050）。我们从数据中推断，野生哺乳仔猪从出生第一周起就食用各种非奶类食物，主要由粗粒度的植物性物质组成。与养殖仔猪相比，它们的饮食与胃部发育增强有关。
