Barbosa Miguel T., Sousa Cláudia S., Morais-Almeida Mário
Allergy Centre, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisboa, Portugal
Pulmonology Department, Hospital Centre of Barreiro-Montijo, Barreiro, Portugal
Non-transmissible chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are very prevalent. In this chapter, we focus on the different dimensions through which telemedicine can be delivered and used in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, the major obstructive CRDs. Telerehabilitation, health education, telemonitoring, early detection of exacerbations, psychosocial support, and smoking cessation through telemedicine programs allow the delivery of quality healthcare to COPD patients who have limited access to health services. In asthma patients, telemedicine is effective in improving inhalation technique, increasing adherence to medication/self-management, and health education. We discuss the importance of virtual visits and mobile/web-based tools in the management and monitoring of patients with CRDs, the rising promise of telespirometry performed outside the hospitals, and the most relevant limitations to expand the implementation of telemedicine, such as the lack of digital literacy in patients and the issues of privacy and security when sharing data online.
非传染性慢性呼吸道疾病（CRD）非常普遍。在本章中，我们将重点关注远程医疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和哮喘这两种主要阻塞性CRD患者管理中可以提供和使用的不同维度。远程康复、健康教育、远程监测、加重期的早期检测、心理社会支持以及通过远程医疗项目戒烟，能够为获得医疗服务受限的COPD患者提供优质医疗保健。在哮喘患者中，远程医疗在改善吸入技术、提高药物治疗/自我管理依从性以及健康教育方面很有效。我们讨论了虚拟就诊和移动/基于网络的工具在CRD患者管理和监测中的重要性、院外进行远程肺活量测定的前景日益广阔，以及扩大远程医疗实施的最相关限制，例如患者缺乏数字素养以及在线共享数据时的隐私和安全问题。
