MSMR. 2022 Apr 1;29(4):8-14.
In 2021, there were 488 incident cases of heat stroke and 1,864 incident cases of heat exhaustion among active component service members of the U.S. Armed Forces. The unadjusted annual rates of incident heat stroke and heat exhaustion peaked in 2018 and then declined in 2019 and 2020. Between 2020 and 2021, the rate of incident heat stroke was relatively stable (0.37 cases per 1,000 person-years [p-yrs]) while the rate of heat exhaustion increased slightly (1.40 cases per 1,000 p-yrs). In 2021, subgroup-specific rates of incident heat stroke and heat exhaustion were highest among male service members, those less than 20 years old, Marine Corps and Army members, recruit trainees, and those in combat-specific occupations. During 2017–2021, a total of 312 heat illnesses were documented among service members in the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) area of responsibility (AOR); 6.4% (n=20) were diagnosed as heat stroke. Commanders, small unit leaders, training cadre, and supporting medical personnel must ensure that the military members whom they supervise and support are informed about the risks, preventive countermeasures, early signs and symptoms, and first-responder actions related to heat illnesses.
2021 年，美国武装部队现役人员中有 488 例中暑事件和 1864 例热衰竭事件。未经调整的中暑和热衰竭发生率在 2018 年达到峰值，然后在 2019 年和 2020 年下降。在 2020 年至 2021 年期间，中暑发生率相对稳定（每 1000 人年 0.37 例），而热衰竭发生率略有上升（每 1000 人年 1.40 例）。2021 年，男性现役人员、年龄小于 20 岁的现役人员、海军陆战队和陆军现役人员、新兵和从事特定作战职业的现役人员的中暑和热衰竭发生率最高。在 2017-2021 年期间，美国中央司令部（CENTCOM）责任区（AOR）的现役人员共记录了 312 例热疾病；其中 6.4%（n=20）被诊断为中暑。指挥官、小单位领导、训练干部和支持医务人员必须确保他们监督和支持的军人了解与热疾病相关的风险、预防措施、早期迹象和症状以及急救人员的行动。
