Graduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources and Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul;29(34):51318-51338. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20980-x. Epub 2022 May 26.
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) constitute a class of metals, semimetals, and non-metals that are of concern due to their persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in high concentrations, posing risks to the ecosystem and to human health. A systematic literature review (SLR) was used in this study to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of PTEs for the aquatic environment. The databases consulted were ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, in the period 2000-2020, using specific terms and filters. After analyzing the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 79 articles were selected for the SLR, in which 15 sources and 16 PTEs were identified. The main anthropogenic sources identified were mining, agriculture, industries, and domestic effluents, and the main natural sources identified were weathering of rocks and geogenic origin. Some places where environmental remediation studies can be carried out were highlighted such as Guangdong province, in China, presenting values of Cd, Cr, and Cu exceeding the national legislation from drinking water and soil quality, and Ardabil Province, in Iran, presenting values of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb exceeding the standard for freshwater sediments of USEPA, among others places. With the results exposed in this work, the government and the competent bodies of each locality will be able to develop strategies and public policies aimed at the main sources and places of contamination, in order to prevent and remedy the pollution of aquatic environments by potentially toxic elements.
潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 是一类金属、半金属和非金属元素，由于其在高浓度下的持久性、毒性、生物累积性和生物放大性，对生态系统和人类健康构成了威胁。本研究采用系统文献综述 (SLR) 方法，确定了水生环境中 PTE 的天然和人为来源。检索的数据库包括 ScienceDirect、Scopus 和 Web of Science，检索时间为 2000-2020 年，使用了特定的术语和筛选器。在分析标题、摘要和全文后，共选择了 79 篇文章进行 SLR，其中确定了 15 个来源和 16 种 PTE。确定的主要人为来源是采矿、农业、工业和生活污水，主要的天然来源是岩石风化和地球成因。本文还突出了一些可以进行环境修复研究的地方，如中国广东省，其饮用水和土壤质量中的 Cd、Cr 和 Cu 含量超过了国家立法标准；伊朗阿尔达比勒省，其 USEPA 淡水沉积物标准中 As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn 和 Pb 含量也超标。通过本研究的结果，政府和当地各主管部门将能够制定针对主要污染源和污染地点的战略和公共政策，以防止和补救水生环境中潜在有毒元素的污染。
