National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China.
National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 1):135064. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135064. Epub 2022 May 23.
Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), mainly construction machinery, has a high emission intensity of air pollutants, significantly impacting urban air quality. Most previous estimates of NRMM emissions have employed a top-down approach mainly based on estimates of energy consumption, leading to large uncertainties. This study uses the information code registration data specified in the latest regulations to establish a bottom-up method for emission accounting to more precisely identify the characteristics of air pollutant emissions from construction machinery in Beijing in 2020. Moreover, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the implementation of the corresponding control measures in conjunction with the current situation of pollution control of NRMM in Beijing. The results show the following: (1) Based on the information code registration data, there are 37,000-based fuel construction machines, with excavators accounting for the largest proportion (56%), loaders and forklifts also accounting for large proportions (19% and 15%, respectively), representing the main types of construction machinery. (2) Information code registration data better reflect the actual situation of construction machinery emissions than the top-down method; the emissions of the main air pollutants NOx, PM, and VOCs amount to 12,000 tons, 600 tons, and 1000 tons, respectively, which are overestimated to some extent by the top-down method. (3) Loaders and excavators have a large contribution to emissions, accounting for 80-91% of these three pollutants emissions; there is a large quantity of machinery classified into the China III standard, accounting for 64-68% of these pollutants emissions; the designation of low emission zones banning the use of high-emission machinery plays a positive role in pollution reduction, but high-emission machinery is still used in these regions, which requires further attention. (4) In the future, the scope of these regions banning high-emission machinery and the types of controlled machinery should be further expanded, and the supervision and enforcement should be strengthened, Furthermore, the structural adjustment and energy conservation of construction machinery should be promoted, and measures such as electrification should be implemented for part of the light construction machinery to continue to reduce pollutant emissions.
非道路移动机械（NRMM）主要是建筑机械，其空气污染物排放强度很高，对城市空气质量有显著影响。大多数先前对 NRMM 排放的估计都是采用自上而下的方法，主要基于能源消耗的估计，因此存在很大的不确定性。本研究使用最新法规规定的信息代码登记数据建立了一种自下而上的排放核算方法，以更准确地识别 2020 年北京建筑机械空气污染物排放的特征。此外，本研究结合北京 NRMM 污染控制的现状，评估了相应控制措施的实施效果。结果表明：（1）基于信息代码登记数据，有 37000 台基于燃料的建筑机械，其中挖掘机占比最大（56%），装载机和叉车也占很大比例（分别为 19%和 15%），代表了主要的建筑机械类型。（2）信息代码登记数据比自上而下的方法更能反映建筑机械排放的实际情况；主要空气污染物 NOx、PM 和 VOCs 的排放量分别为 12000 吨、600 吨和 1000 吨，自下而上的方法在一定程度上高估了这些排放。（3）装载机和挖掘机对排放有很大的贡献，占这三种污染物排放量的 80-91%；有大量的机械被归类为中国 III 标准，占这三种污染物排放量的 64-68%；低排放区的指定禁止使用高排放机械在减排方面发挥了积极作用，但这些区域仍在使用高排放机械，需要进一步关注。（4）未来应进一步扩大禁止高排放机械使用的区域范围和控制机械的类型，并加强监管和执法力度，此外，应推动建筑机械的结构调整和节能，对于部分轻型建筑机械应实施电气化等措施，以继续减少污染物排放。
